{"id":917,"date":"2026-03-02T07:40:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T07:40:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/?p=917"},"modified":"2026-03-02T07:44:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T07:44:26","slug":"press-brake-tooling-chart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/ar\/press-brake-tooling-chart\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a: \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u2014\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u2014\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 60,000 PSI\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u201c\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u201d. \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 = (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u00b2) \u00f7 (8 \u00d7 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u00b10.5\u00b0 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.06 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.17\u00b0. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0637\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u2014\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1600\" src=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0647 &quot;\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 8&quot; \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b\u2014\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 8\u00d7 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 0.125\u2033\u061f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 1\u2033. \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 0.250\u2033\u061f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 2\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4\u2033 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 2\u2033 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.32\u2033. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60 ksi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 (coining)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0634\u0650\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0650\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5\u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 8\u201d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u2014\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u2014\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1600\" src=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200.jpg\" alt=\"\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" class=\"wp-image-919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 50 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 50. \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 100 ksi \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 60 ksi. \u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 66\u066a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 66\u066a. \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0640 50 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623\u2014\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0640 CNC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 0.031\u2033 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 0.062\u2033\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u2014\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0623\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u2014\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1600\" src=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 90\u00b0 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 88\u00b0 \u064892\u00b0 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u062d\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u00b10.5\u00b0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 (0.06 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u2014 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0640 V-die \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V-Die \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647 1\/4\u2033 \u201c\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b\u201d. \u0642\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b\u2014\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V\u2014\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a 0.250.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4\u2033 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 2\u2033: 0.16 \u00d7 2.0 = \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a 0.32\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 0.25\u2033. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.32\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 1.5\u2033 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642\u0647\u201d: 0.16 \u00d7 1.5 = 0.24\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.08\u2033 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 V\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 = (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u00b2) \u00f7 (8 \u00d7 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V. \u0628\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 V\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u2014\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 V\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 T\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u2014\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 8\u00d7 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d 6\u00d7 (\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u0623\u0648 12\u00d7 (\u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a 8 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V = 8 \u00d7 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u2014\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 0.125 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629: 8 \u00d7 0.125 = 1.0 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647. \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 8\u00d7. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6\u00d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6 \u00d7 0.125 = 0.75 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643: 0.16 \u00d7 0.75 = 0.12 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.0 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 V \u0647\u064a T\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T_\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f = T \u00d7 (1.0 \u00f7 0.75) \u2248 1.33T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 33% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 1\/2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 8 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: 8 \u00d7 0.5 = 4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10\u00d7 \u0623\u0648 12\u00d7 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12 \u00d7 0.5 = 6 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 V \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50%. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T_\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f = T \u00d7 (4 \u00f7 6) \u2248 0.67T<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631: 0.16 \u00d7 6 = 0.96 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5\u00d7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0640 V \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629. \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u201c\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 8\u00d7\u201d. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 6\u00d7\u060c 8\u00d7\u060c \u0623\u0648 12\u00d7 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0630\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u2014\u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0646 8\u00d7 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u2014\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u200e0.125\u2033\u200e \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u200e0.500\u2033\u200e. \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u200e1.0\u2033\u200e (8\u00d7). \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u2248 (\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V \u00f7 2) + \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0640 \u200e1.0\u2033\u200e V: (\u200e1.0 \u00f7 2\u200e) + \u200e0.125\u200e = \u200e0.625\u2033\u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u200e0.500\u2033\u200e. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u061f \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u200e0.75\u2033\u200e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u200e0.75 \u00f7 2\u200e) + \u200e0.125\u200e = \u200e0.500\u2033\u200e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u200e33%\u200e \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u060c \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642\u0629\u2014\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629:<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 V\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u2014\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0629.**<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0640V \u2014 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u2014 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u062d\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 19.7 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 2 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 150 \u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 = (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u00b2) \u00f7 (8 \u00d7 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 60,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634\u00b2. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 90,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644\/\u0625\u0646\u0634\u00b2. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u00f7 60,000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0646 90,000 \u00f7 60,000 = 1.5\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 19.7 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">19.7 \u00d7 1.5 \u2248 29.6 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0628\u0631 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a 296 \u0637\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 150 \u0637\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0643. \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 60,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645_\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a = \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u00d7 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u00f7 60,000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 90,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a 1.5. \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 100,000\u061f 100,000 \u00f7 60,000 \u2248 1.67\u00d7. \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 5052 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 38,000\u061f 38,000 \u00f7 60,000 \u2248 0.63\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 0.63 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0639\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T \u221d 1 \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a V \u0645\u0646 2\u2033 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.5\u2033\u061f 2 \u00f7 1.5 \u2248 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1.33\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 1\/4\u2033 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 1.5\u2033 V. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (0.63\u00d7) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0632\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (1.33\u00d7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a: 0.63 \u00d7 1.33 \u2248 0.84\u00d7 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u201c\u0633\u0647\u0644\u201d. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645. \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V\u2014\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 150 \u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640 20 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 150 \u0637\u0646 \u00d7 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u00f7 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629). \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: 150 \u0637\u0646 \u00f7 10 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 = 15 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c150 \u0637\u0646\u201d \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u064a 3 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 45 \u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 15 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d 22.5 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629\u2014\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 30\u00b0 \u0623\u0648 45\u00b0\u2014\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u2014\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0644\u0645 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639: \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 90,000 PSI. \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1\u00d7 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 0.125\u2033 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a 0.125\u2033\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 V. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a V 0.5\u2033 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.16 \u00d7 0.5 = 0.08\u2033 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">0.08\u2033 &lt; 0.125\u2033. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u2014\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639: \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 (0.16 \u00d7 V) \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627: \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 90\u00b0. \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 88\u00b0 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90\u00b0 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0640 90\u00b0 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u2014\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0631 (bottoming) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b: T_actual \u2248 T_90\u00b0 \u00d7 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Angle_Factor).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u2014\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u200e20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u200e50\u200e \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0632\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u2014\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 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\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u2014\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633. \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642\u2014\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u2014\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062d\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e: \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u200e60,000\u200e \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u064a\u062b:<br>P = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646<br>S = \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br>L = \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br>V = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a 650 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f 90,000 PSI. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 = 90,000 \/ 60,000 = 1.5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0640 1.5 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0645\u0646 2\u00d7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4\u00d7 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20\u201330% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P_corrected = P_chart \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a 8 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0623\u0646 V \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a 0.125\u2033\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V = 0.125 \/ 0.16 = 0.78\u2033<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 3\/4\u2033 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 V \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629. \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u2248 V \/ 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V 1\u2033\u061f \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0629 0.5\u2033 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0641\u0629 0.4\u2033 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a 5\u00d7 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 V \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646 V \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u201d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 V \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 V:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P \u221d 1 \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0635 V \u0645\u0646 1\u2033 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.5\u2033\u061f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a V\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a = P \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 = P_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \/ L (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0642\u0641\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u200e0.031\u2033 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0629\u2014\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 20% \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 40 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 25% \u201c\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 50 \u0637\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 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\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u2014\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 0.16 \u00d7 V \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626) \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 V \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u2014even \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u2192 \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0629 \u2192 \u0642\u0650\u0633 \u2192 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u2192 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u2192 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u2014\u0642\u0650\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a<\/th><th>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1<\/td><td>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/td><td>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a (~\u200f60,000 PSI \u0634\u062f). \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 2\u00d7\u20134\u00d7 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><br>P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V<br>P = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646)<br>\u0633 = \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br>\u0644 = \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br>\u0641 = \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<br><br><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 = \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \/ 60,000<br><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629:<\/strong><br>P_corrected = P_chart \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2<\/td><td>\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 V \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 8 (\u0641 \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a):<\/strong><br>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 V<br><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u2248 V \/ 2<br><br><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><br>P \u221d 1 \/ V<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/td><td><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><br>P_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a = P \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<br><br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0645:<\/strong><br>\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\/\u0642\u062f\u0645 = P_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \/ \u0644 (\u0642\u062f\u0645)<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 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