![\"Gizli](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-Hidden-Assumption-60000-PSI-Mild-Steel_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n8 kat\u0131 kural\u0131 neden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik imalat\u0131ndan kalma bir kal\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Temel so\u011fuk haddelenmi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fe geri d\u00f6n\u00fcn; A36 veya benzeri, yakla\u015f\u0131k 58.000\u201365.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131. Bu aral\u0131kta, 8\u00d7 V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzemede hava b\u00fckmede yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,156 in\u00e7lik \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretir. Malzeme esner, akma g\u00f6sterir ve y\u0131rt\u0131lmadan yerine oturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu sihir de\u011fil. Bu bir kalibrasyondur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu kural yay\u0131ld\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu at\u00f6lye zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik b\u00fck\u00fcyordu. Raf\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n '\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu oldu\u011funda, bir k\u0131sayol fizik gibi hissettirir. Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye tarihidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O sac\u0131 85.000\u201395.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikle de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz, art\u0131k ayn\u0131 \u015feyi b\u00fckm\u00fcyorsunuz demektir. Kal\u0131p de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Ancak y\u00fck kapasitesi de\u011fi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve y\u00fck kapasitesi her \u015feydir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, g\u00fcvenli minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 nas\u0131l belirler?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilir. Daha dar V, daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7ap demektir. Daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7ap, d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyin daha fazla esnemesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f lif \u00fczerindeki gerilme, kabaca kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve uzama s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar keserseniz, d\u0131\u015f lifler s\u00fcnekliklerini a\u015far. \u0130\u015fte \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sebebi budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik uzamay\u0131 tolere edebilir. 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde uzama vaat edebilir, ancak h\u0131zla i\u015f sertle\u015fmesi g\u00f6sterir ve ona alan b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7aplarda \u015fekillenmeye direnir. Y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler mi? Onlar daha da az ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani as\u0131l soru \u201cKal\u0131b\u0131m 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta m\u0131?\u201d de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u201c\u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131m bu malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterince b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc?\u201d sorusudur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cGerinim Bo\u015flu\u011fu\u201d: Paslanmaz \u00c7elik Neden \u00c7atlar da Yumu\u015fak \u00c7elik B\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n![\""Gerinim](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-Stainless-Cracks-While-Mild-Steel-Bends_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nV-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 darald\u0131k\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f liflere ger\u00e7ekte ne olur?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sac\u0131n, iki destek aras\u0131ndaki bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurdu\u011funu hayal edin. Z\u0131mba, merkezi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru zorlar. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ne kadar dar olursa, kavis o kadar keskin olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O kavisi keskinle\u015ftirirseniz, d\u0131\u015f lifler i\u00e7tekilerden daha uza\u011fa gider. Esnerler. Akma noktas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ince plastik olarak deforme olurlar. Daha fazla iterseniz incelirler. Daha da fazla iterseniz yar\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte gerinim, g\u00fcvenli bir aral\u0131kta kal\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131na 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik koyarsan\u0131z, daha y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip bir malzemeden ayn\u0131 dar yar\u0131\u00e7apa kadar esnemesini istiyorsunuz demektir. Bu malzeme daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir, daha fazla geri yaylan\u0131r ve b\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131nda gerilimi daha sert bir \u015fekilde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte gerinim bo\u015flu\u011fu budur; kal\u0131b\u0131n talep etti\u011fi ile malzemenin tolere edebilece\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki fark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f kapat\u0131rsan\u0131z, elinizde pahal\u0131 bir hurda y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7elik, ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta olsa bile neden daha geni\u015f bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
60.000 PSI de\u011ferindeki 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fi ve 100.000 PSI de\u011ferindeki 0,125 in\u00e7lik y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eli\u011fi ele alal\u0131m. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 8\u00d7 kural\u0131 her ikisine de 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak daha y\u00fcksek mukavemetli sac, akmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla gerilime ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. D\u0131\u015f lif gerinimini s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde tutmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rmak, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek anlam\u0131na gelir; kaliteye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belki 10 kat\u0131 veya hatta 12 kat\u0131 kadar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Daha geni\u015f kal\u0131p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer 8\u00d7 kural\u0131n\u0131 kutsal bir ger\u00e7ek gibi ezberlediyseniz bu yanl\u0131\u015f hissettirir. Ancak birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru hissettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve kal\u0131b\u0131 geni\u015fletmek, yar\u0131\u00e7aptan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonaj vs. Geni\u015flik: Kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131z Gizlice Makinenizi Zorluyor mu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n![\"Tonaj](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Tonnage-vs.-Width-Is-Your-Die-Secretly-Maxing-Out-Your-Machine_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDar bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerekli b\u00fckme kuvvetini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta \u015fudur: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde tonaj, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirirseniz, gerekli tonaj kabaca iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar (y\u00f6ntem fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve malzeme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc sabitken). Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu, hidrolik sistemin inlemesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,250 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik b\u00fck\u00fcyorsunuz ve 10 feet boyunca 60 tondas\u0131n\u0131z. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmek i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferseniz, 120 tonla fl\u00f6rt ediyorsunuz demektir (denemeden \u00f6nce tablonuzu kontrol edin). 100 tonluk bir makinede bu bir teori de\u011fildir. Bu, hatal\u0131 bir kurulumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, zaten akmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla kuvvete ihtiya\u00e7 duyan y\u00fcksek mukavemetli bir malzeme ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Dar kal\u0131b\u0131 korursan\u0131z, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck V kal\u0131b\u0131ndan gelen y\u00fcksek tonaj talebinin \u00fczerine daha y\u00fcksek akma gerilimini de eklemi\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Makine, genel kurallar\u0131 umursamaz. O, kuvvete bakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmak yerine kal\u0131b\u0131 ne zaman geni\u015fletmeli<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, yetersiz boyuttaki bir kal\u0131pta paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131 tutuyor. Par\u00e7a iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak kaplamadan sonra veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc sahada mikro \u00e7atlaklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonaj tablonuzun \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve malzeme size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steriyorsa, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm genellikle daha fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletin. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fal i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kabul edin. Flan\u015f boyutlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yeniden hesaplay\u0131n. Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunun sonunda, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeden 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fma konusunda kendinizi huzursuz hissetmelisiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fczel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ezberlenecek bir kural de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O, m\u00fchendislik gerektiren bir y\u00fck karar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Fizi\u011fi: Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve Geri Esnemeyi Kontrol Etmek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir sac\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kal\u0131pta (0,750 in\u00e7 V, 1,000 in\u00e7 V ve 1,500 in\u00e7 V) b\u00fck\u00fclmesini izledim; ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 abkant pres, ayn\u0131 operat\u00f6r. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap o kadar de\u011fi\u015fti ki par\u00e7a ayn\u0131 mastar blo\u011funa iki kez uymad\u0131. Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Sadece V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir de\u011filse, kal\u0131b\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l se\u00e7ersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131b\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ctutucu\u201d de\u011fildir. Bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durur ve z\u0131mba ortay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru zorlar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fi, malzemenin 90 dereceye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne kadar sert b\u00fck\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirler. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz e\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. E\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz d\u0131\u015f lif gerinimini, tonaj\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. Bu bir fikir de\u011fil. Bu mekaniktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bunu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, \u201cKural nedir?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p \u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k hangi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-Geni\u015fli\u011fi \u201cDo\u011fal\u201d Y\u00fczen Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirler?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fi ele alal\u0131m. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde, z\u0131mba ucunuz keskin oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 0,031 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmezsiniz. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz. Malzeme, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fczer\u201d ve kendi e\u011frisine yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu e\u011fri rastgele de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzeme, o omuzlar\u0131n birbirinden ne kadar uzak oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fal bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturur. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha dar V, daha s\u0131k\u0131 do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u201cuymas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in se\u00e7miyorsunuz. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131, fark\u0131nda olsan\u0131z da olmasan\u0131z da belirli bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in se\u00e7iyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu da \u015fu anlama gelir: E\u011fer teknik resminiz 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzemede 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsa, i\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131ktan ba\u015flamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe, o yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 y\u00fczd\u00fcrecek V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geriye do\u011fru hesaplayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ili\u015fki nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15-20% kural\u0131: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tahmin etme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,500 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kadar olan yumu\u015fak \u00e7eliklerde, haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmdeki i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabaca ila 'sidir. Bir\u00e7ok tablo bunu 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip malzeme i\u00e7in R \u2248 V \u00f7 8 \u015feklinde basitle\u015ftirir. Eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu buradan gelmektedir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 8'e b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011funa dikkat edin. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00f6ncelikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir fonksiyonudur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k ise arka planda etkili olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 85.000\u201395.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe ge\u00e7elim. Yine 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanal\u0131m. Genellikle yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fe g\u00f6re biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, daha dar bir kavis olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fczde de\u011fi\u015fir. Temper durumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki V \u00f7 7,5 veya V \u00f7 7'ye daha yak\u0131n davran\u0131r. Bu matemati\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu, malzemenin kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin anahtar\u0131 \u015fudur: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde, do\u011frudan i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlersiniz. Malzemeniz \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 1\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta bir minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap gerektiriyorsa, en az bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcreten bir V se\u00e7ersiniz. Bir tablo \u00f6yle dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil; malzemenizin dayanabilece\u011fi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakan bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, ayar sayfas\u0131ndaki her \u015feyi tersine \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014z\u0131mba de\u011fil\u2014 haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol eder<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oturtulmu\u015f 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plakaya 0,062 in\u00e7lik bir z\u0131mba ucunun dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u201czorla\u201d kabul ettirece\u011fi konusunda \u0131srar ettiklerine \u015fahit oldum. Ettiremez. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba malzemeye tepe noktas\u0131ndan temas eder, ancak sac kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131nda desteklenir. Siz tabana oturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya ezme (coining) yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece, z\u0131mba ucu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 nihai i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap i\u00e7in neredeyse \u00f6nemsizdir. Malzeme ask\u0131dad\u0131r. Burun k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece keskin bir z\u0131mbadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir buruna ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilir ve i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apta neredeyse hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6remezsiniz. Bunu 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finde denedim. Penetrasyon derinli\u011fi nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131 biraz de\u011fi\u015fti. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap ise etkilenmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden biri \u201cDaha dar bir z\u0131mbaya ihtiyac\u0131m var\u201d dedi\u011finde, genellikle \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tim\u201d demek istiyordur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve e\u011fer yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirliyorsa, ba\u015fka neleri sessizce de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p Geni\u015fli\u011fi ve Geri Yaylanma Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fi 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 90 derece b\u00fck\u00fcn. Geri yaylanmadan sonra 90 derecede kalabilmek i\u00e7in 83 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekebilir. Ayn\u0131 sac\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7ine koyun, \u015fimdi belki 80 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekecektir. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 malzeme. Farkl\u0131 kal\u0131p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geri yaylanma elastik geri kazan\u0131m demektir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, plastik gerinim o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde depolanan elastik enerji y\u00fczdesi o kadar y\u00fcksektir. Daha geni\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2192 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u2192 elastik olana k\u0131yasla daha az plastik deformasyon \u2192 daha fazla geri yaylanma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015fu budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar baz\u0131 malzemelerde geri yaylanmay\u0131 asl\u0131nda art\u0131rabilir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eliklerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin 100.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme) bu etki daha belirgin hale gelir. Malzeme zaten y\u00fcksek bir akma noktas\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir elastik aral\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in onu geni\u015f bir V'ye, belki 1,500 veya 1,750 in\u00e7lik bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa koydu\u011funuzda, plastik gerinimi daha da azaltm\u0131\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 mu? 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcmde 4\u20136 derecelik bir geri yaylanma g\u00f6rebilirsiniz (tonaj tablonuza dikkat edin). Operat\u00f6rler pani\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131r ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Sadece z\u0131mbay\u0131 daha derine iter ve tabana oturmaya (bottoming) yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As\u0131l kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha geni\u015f kal\u0131p, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rarak \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. Ancak makineniz, tak\u0131m hizalaman\u0131z veya malzeme partiniz tutarl\u0131 de\u011filse, sizi daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131sal sapma ile cezaland\u0131rabilir. Bu, dar kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ip flan\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7atlatmak i\u00e7in bir neden de\u011fildir. Bu, se\u00e7ti\u011finiz dengeyi anlaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir nedendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki bunu nas\u0131l dengelersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yar\u0131\u00e7ap kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131sal tutarl\u0131l\u0131kla dengelemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve uzamaya dayal\u0131 olarak malzemenin minimum g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ile ba\u015flay\u0131n. E\u011fer 0,125 in\u00e7lik y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, tehlike b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorsa, bunu destekleyen bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in; at\u00f6lyenizin ampirik oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan iki k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birincisi: tonaj. Daha dar V, daha y\u00fcksek kuvvet anlam\u0131na gelir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede tonaj, kabaca V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde gereken kuvveti neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bunu 100.000 PSI'l\u0131k malzeme \u00fczerine ekledi\u011finizde h\u0131zla makine s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kincisi: geometri. Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,67 ile 0,77 kat\u0131d\u0131r. 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V se\u00e7erseniz, sadece kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,000 in\u00e7lik d\u00fcz bir baca\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. E\u011fer teknik resminiz size sadece 0,750 in\u00e7 veriyorsa, o kal\u0131p fiziksel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama problemini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyorsunuz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Malzeme minimum bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap talep ediyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj tablosu maksimum kuvveti s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a geometrisi maksimum V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi budur. 8 kat et kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri yaylanma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etti\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, bir sonraki rahats\u0131z edici soruyu sormaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z demektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma (bottoming) veya ezme (coining) y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme Y\u00f6nteminiz Kal\u0131p Gereksinimlerini Nas\u0131l Yeniden Tan\u0131mlar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma veya ezme y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde mekanik olarak ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mesine izin vermeyi b\u0131rak\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi as\u0131l\u0131 durur ve z\u0131mba, plastik deformasyon elastik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 yenene kadar onu bir e\u011fri i\u00e7ine iter. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini belirler. Malzeme, bu geometri dahilinde istedi\u011fi yerde akar. Geri yaylanma tahmin edilebilirdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sac\u0131 asla tam olarak hapsetmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabana oturtma ve ezme farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar, kal\u0131b\u0131 bir destek olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir kal\u0131ba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve kal\u0131p bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yanl\u0131\u015f V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 size sadece yanl\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap vermekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda kuvveti, gerilimi ve maliyetli hurday\u0131 katlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada B\u00fckme: Bir Kal\u0131p De\u011fil, Bir Destek Olarak Alt Kal\u0131p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckmede z\u0131mba, sac\u0131 asla alt kal\u0131b\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na ve taban\u0131na tam temas edecek \u015fekilde itmez. \u00dc\u00e7 temas noktas\u0131. Hepsi bu kadar. \u0130ki omuz ve z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sac, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fine ve malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cy\u00fczd\u00fcrmekte\u201d serbesttir. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturabilirken, 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. Alt kal\u0131p \u015fekli zorunlu k\u0131lmaz, sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi hapsediyor de\u011fil, y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, havada b\u00fckmenin ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir dizi V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tolere edebilmesinin nedenidir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 sac\u0131 1,000 in\u00e7lik veya 1,250 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fckebilir ve geri esnemeyi (springback) ve flan\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011finiz s\u00fcrece i\u015fi yine de ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilirsiniz. Tonaj de\u011fi\u015fir (tablonuzu kontrol edin), yar\u0131\u00e7ap de\u011fi\u015fir, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckme miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir; ancak sac geometriye zorlanarak ezilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt kal\u0131p bir destektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve destekler e\u011frili\u011fi dikte etmez; sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde olmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme neden daha geni\u015f bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin verir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi asla alt kal\u0131ba tam olarak oturtmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fclen yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, orant\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kayd\u0131r\u0131r. V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde tonaj\u0131 neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Geni\u015fletti\u011finizde ise geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Ancak malzeme yine de elastik ve plastik gerinim aras\u0131nda kendi dengesini bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayarlanabilirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme derinli\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fczeltmesi veya malzeme testleri ile telafi edebilirsiniz. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biraz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutsan\u0131z bile, sac sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde \u00fct\u00fclenmez. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj g\u00f6rebilirsiniz, ancak malzemeyi otomatik olarak gerinim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine zorlamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden malzeme partinizin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 5.000 PSI de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde havada b\u00fckme ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 hissettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sistemin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015fik bir esneklik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ve hassasiyet aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fcksek sesle s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131m buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, bu esneklik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir miktar a\u00e7\u0131sal hassasiyetten \u00f6d\u00fcn verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geri esneme telafisine g\u00fcvendi\u011finiz i\u00e7in, nihai a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z tutarl\u0131 malzeme \u00f6zelliklerine, tutarl\u0131 b\u00fckme derinli\u011fine ve birka\u00e7 binde bir hassasiyetle tekrarlama yapabilen bir prese ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 0,090 in\u00e7lik 7075-T6 malzemeden yap\u0131lan s\u0131k toleransl\u0131 bir havac\u0131l\u0131k braketinde bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlik h\u0131zla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunu kontrol alt\u0131nda tutabilirsiniz. Ancak y\u00f6netmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada tabana oturtma (bottoming) ve darbe ile b\u00fckme (coining) cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onlar a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201csabitlemeyi\u201d vaat ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sorun, bu kilitlemenin maliyetinin ne oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe Oturtma ve Ezerek \u015eekillendirme (Coining): Bu Y\u00f6ntemler Neden Yanl\u0131\u015f V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Cezaland\u0131r\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma, di\u011fer her \u015feyden daha \u00f6nemli olan bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na temas edene kadar kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funa s\u00fcrersiniz ve ard\u0131ndan ilk temastan sonra daha da ileri itersiniz; bu genellikle geri esnemeyi azaltmak i\u00e7in b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini \u201315 oran\u0131nda daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Art\u0131k sac, omuzlar aras\u0131nda havada as\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir. Geometrinin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onu zorluyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve metali zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, tonaj g\u00f6stergesi do\u011fruyu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l kilitler ancak tak\u0131m stresini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 1\u20132 ton g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 kurulumu dibe oturtursan\u0131z, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu y\u00fck\u00fc kolayca ikiye veya \u00fc\u00e7e katlayabilirsiniz. Abkant pres art\u0131k sizin pratik kural tablonuzu umursamaz. O, temas alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131na uydu\u011funuzu ve malzemenin minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar bir V se\u00e7ti\u011finizi hayal edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu, daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj olarak kendini g\u00f6sterebilirdi; yani bir uyar\u0131. Dibe oturtmada ise, b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini malzemenin tolere edebilece\u011finden daha keskin olabilecek bir kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na eziyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201ckilitlemek\u201d i\u00e7in uygulanan ekstra \u201315'lik penetrasyon, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeydeki basma gerilimini ve n\u00f6tr eksenin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekme gerinimini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte flan\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve tak\u0131m \u00fcreticilerinin dibe oturtmay\u0131 \u00f6nermelerinin bir nedeni var. Malzemeyi y\u00fcksek tonaj alt\u0131nda sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kal\u0131plara tam olarak oturttu\u011funuzda, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 veya malzeme s\u00fcnekli\u011findeki herhangi bir uyumsuzluk do\u011frudan tak\u0131m a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye veya omuzlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda durumun ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma geri esnemeyi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yan\u0131lma pay\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme (coining) neden 8x kural\u0131n\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6rmezden gelir ve \u00f6zel geometri gerektirir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme, dibe oturtman\u0131n biraz daha fazlas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu farkl\u0131 bir rejimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba ucunu, t\u00fcm b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini kal\u0131nl\u0131k boyunca plastik olarak deforme edecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvetle (hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcndeki 1\u20132 tona k\u0131yasla genellikle in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 50 ton veya daha fazla) malzemeye s\u00fcrersiniz. Sadece b\u00fckm\u00fcyorsunuz. \u00dct\u00fcl\u00fcyorsunuz. Z\u0131mba burun yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap haline gelir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc malzemeyi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 basma gerilimi alt\u0131nda yerinden oynat\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O b\u00f6lgedeki her noktada akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in geri esneme neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya 8\u00d7 kural\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Burada anlams\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmede (coining), V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemenin k\u0131r\u0131lmadan veya tak\u0131mlara zarar vermeden akabilmesi i\u00e7in z\u0131mba geometrisi ve malzeme mukavemeti ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00c7ok dar olursa tonaj makine kapasitesinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7ok geni\u015f olursa destek kaybedilir, a\u00e7\u0131 bozulur veya par\u00e7a \u00fczerinde iz olu\u015fur. Tak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fcke dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in geometri se\u00e7enekleri daral\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmenin modern at\u00f6lyelerde nadir olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. \u0130\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil \u2014kesinlikle i\u015fe yarar\u2014 ancak \u00f6zel tak\u0131mlar, rijit makineler ve disiplinli bir kurulum gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in. Burada V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7erseniz sadece a\u00e7\u0131 kaymas\u0131 g\u00f6rmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Presten gelen keskin bir ses, tonaj g\u00f6stergesinde bir ani y\u00fckseli\u015f ve bazen kurulumunuzu pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren k\u0131r\u0131k bir z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, malzemenin kendi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bulmas\u0131na izin verir. Tabana oturtma ve ezerek b\u00fckme ise bir rady\u00fcs dayat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu fark\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar ve ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 boyutland\u0131rmak gibi bir y\u00fck y\u00f6netimi karar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yleyse, b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ve kuvvetin tak\u0131mlar i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, bunu her seferinde do\u011fru V'yi se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in tekrarlanabilir bir yola nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Malzemeleri \u0130\u00e7in Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Se\u00e7im Y\u00f6ntemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz bir braketin, kurulum ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f rady\u00fcs\u00fcnden boydan boya \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Operat\u00f6r yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131. Kural, o y\u00fck i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi kuvvetin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, V se\u00e7imi kal\u0131nl\u0131kla de\u011fil, malzemenin y\u00fck de\u011feriyle, yani akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte at\u00f6lyede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m, beni 7075-T6 ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli plakalarda pahal\u0131 hurda yapmaktan kurtaran i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Akma Mukavemetini ve Do\u011fru \u00c7arpan\u0131 Belirleyin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sertifikay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f emrindeki genel \u201cpaslanmaz\u201d ibaresini de\u011fil. De\u011firmen test raporundaki ger\u00e7ek akma mukavemetini. A36, 36.000 PSI akma g\u00f6sterebilir. So\u011fuk \u00e7ekilmi\u015f 1018, 50.000\u201360.000 PSI civar\u0131nda olabilir. 304 paslanmaz genellikle 30.000\u201345.000 PSI akma mukavemetine sahiptir ancak h\u0131zla sertle\u015fir. 7075-T6 al\u00fcminyum 73.000 PSI akma civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. HSLA kaliteleri bunun \u00e7ok \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma mukavemeti, d\u0131\u015f liflerin plastik olarak esnemeden \u00f6nce ne kadar gerilime dayanabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Rady\u00fcs ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilimi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. \u00c7atlama mekanizmas\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lyelerde dola\u015fan o \u201cal\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6\u00d7, paslanmaz i\u00e7in 10\u00d7\u201d \u00e7arpanlar\u0131 m\u0131? Bunlar, akma mukavemetinin hayatta kalabilir gerilime kaba bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evrilmi\u015f halidir. Ancak al\u00fcminyum tek bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. 5052-H32 harika b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr. 7075-T6 ise ters bakarsan\u0131z k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Tamamen farkl\u0131 gerilim tolerans\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7arpan\u0131, malzeme ad\u0131na de\u011fil, akma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tahmini olarak ele al\u0131yorum. 40.000 PSI akman\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u0131? Genellikle daha dar oranlarla ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. 60.000 PSI civar\u0131nda m\u0131? Klasik yap\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00f6lgesindesiniz. 70.000 PSI \u00fczerinde mi? D\u0131\u015f lifleri korumak i\u00e7in kal\u0131plar\u0131 h\u0131zla geni\u015fletmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamazsan\u0131z, gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorsunuz demektir. Ve gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, flan\u015flar\u0131n yar\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6x, paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in 10x-12x ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik (HSLA) i\u00e7in 12x+ kullanarak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bunun pratikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinde 0,125 in\u00e7lik 5052-H32 al\u00fcminyum oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 28.000\u201333.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu malzeme daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7aplara tolerans g\u00f6sterir, bu nedenle hava b\u00fckmede 6\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir V (0,750 in\u00e7) genellikle iyi sonu\u00e7 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin; akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 belki 35.000\u201345.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ancak agresif bir i\u015f sertle\u015fmesi \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u201cal\u00fcminyumda i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u201d diyerek 0,750 in\u00e7te \u0131srar ederseniz, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z daral\u0131r, d\u0131\u015f gerilme artar ve cilal\u0131 par\u00e7alarda mikro \u00e7atlaklar g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131na ge\u00e7erseniz malzeme rahatlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
80.000 PSI akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik HSLA'y\u0131 ele alal\u0131m. E\u011fer raf sistemi ikili d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in onu 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na zorlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, gerilmeyi malzemenin kesinlikle dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yar\u0131\u00e7apa yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsunuz demektir. Bu bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k sorunu de\u011fildir. Bu bir akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011finizde, bir sonraki soru kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O malzeme y\u0131rt\u0131lmadan hangi i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa dayanabilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Hedef \u0130\u00e7 Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) Hesaplay\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finin g\u00fcn boyu 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ayn\u0131 numaray\u0131 0,187 in\u00e7lik 4140 \u00f6n sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elikle denerseniz, yerdeki par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi esner. Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mdaki \u00e7ekme gerilmesi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. Bu gerilme, malzemenin akma noktas\u0131ndaki uzama kapasitesini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7atlama meydana gelir. Fizik budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme i\u00e7in, 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 civar\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00e7elik i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir kural, malzeme kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak e\u015fit bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apt\u0131r. Eski \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte bazen i\u015fe yaramas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 8\u00d7 V kal\u0131b\u0131nda hava b\u00fckme, genellikle kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 civar\u0131nda bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ili\u015fki de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha y\u00fcksek mukavemetli malzemeler, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilmesini k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aplara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. 7075-T6'n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir 90 derecelik b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle 2\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 istemesinin nedeni budur. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce sesini duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fe g\u00f6re se\u00e7ersiniz; bir tablo 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, malzemenin gerilme kapasitesi bunu gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa sahip oldu\u011funuzda, kal\u0131p sadece bir geometri meselesi haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f lif \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 belirleme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek bir senaryo \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinizde kozmetik y\u00fczeyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalacak 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik var. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve tecr\u00fcbelerinize dayanarak, \u00e7atlak b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istedi\u011finize karar veriyorsunuz. Bundan daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap, y\u00fczey kalitesiyle kumar oynamak demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu 0,125 in\u00e7lik i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Malzemeyi korur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi soru mekanik bir hal al\u0131yor: Hava b\u00fckmede bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Ad\u0131m: Hedef Yar\u0131\u00e7aptan V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcretme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckmede i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, z\u0131mba ucundan ziyade \u00f6ncelikli olarak V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kontrol edilir. Yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 's\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu tersine \u00e7evirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer \u0130Y \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 V ise, o zaman V \u2248 \u0130Y \u00f7 0,16'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsan\u0131z: V \u2248 0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tezgahta 0,781 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131p bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z. En yak\u0131n standart olan\u0131 se\u00e7eceksiniz; muhtemelen 0,750 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,750 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,120 in\u00e7 \u0130Y. 1,000 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,160 in\u00e7 \u0130Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer endi\u015feniz \u00e7atlama ise, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V size pay b\u0131rak\u0131r. E\u011fer flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu darsa ve destek i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kal\u0131ba ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, 0,750 in\u00e7li\u011fi kabul edip y\u00fczeyi dikkatle izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Az \u00f6nce ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131kla ba\u015flamad\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe izin verilen gerinimle ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z, bunu bir hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00f6neten bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcdeki y\u00fck y\u00f6netimidir. Yolun (malzeme) bir y\u00fck derecesi (akma) vard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131), gerilme asla bunu a\u015fmayacak \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CN-HAWE\u2019nin \u00fcr\u00fcn portf\u00f6y\u00fc 100% CNC tabanl\u0131d\u0131r ve lazer kesim, b\u00fckme, kanal a\u00e7ma, kesme gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey senaryolar\u0131 kapsar; burada pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Abkant Pres<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAncak geometri ve kuvvetin de hala s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Belirli bir teknik resmi, malzeme kalitesini veya makine s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fruluyorsan\u0131z, buras\u0131 ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n (mevcut tonaj, tak\u0131m envanteri ve \u015fekillendirme y\u00f6ntemi) birlikte kontrol edilmesi gereken noktad\u0131r. CN-HAWE, tamamen CNC tabanl\u0131 b\u00fckme ve sac metal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini destekler; abkant presler ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 ekipmanlar konusunda Ar-Ge'ye b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapar. Bu da onu tonaj hesaplamalar\u0131, V-kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 fizibilitesini ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in pratik bir ortak haline getirir. Teknik bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme veya fiyat teklifi i\u00e7in CN-HAWE ile burada ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n8:1 oran\u0131: V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden istenen i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n 8 kat\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u201c8:1 oran\u0131\u201dn\u0131n do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funuzda, bu 8 \u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011fildir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0130Y'dir; bu da 'l\u0131k ili\u015fkiyle uyumludur (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 6,25'tir ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, malzeme ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bunu 8'e yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu oran yaln\u0131zca b\u00fckme y\u00f6nteminiz hava b\u00fckme ise ve malzemeniz bu gerinim e\u011frisine yak\u0131n davran\u0131yorsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tabana oturtma veya madeni para basma (coining) y\u00f6ntemi, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve z\u0131mba yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol\u00fc ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ili\u015fkiyi bozar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani 8:1 fikri k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sadece yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fkene ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve yar\u0131\u00e7aptan bir V se\u00e7tikten sonra bile, presleri hayatta tutan \u015fu soruyu hen\u00fcz yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmazs\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z ve makineniz y\u00fcke dayanabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Tonaj ve Tak\u0131m Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
135 ton kapasiteli 10 fitlik bir abkant pres \u00fczerinde, toplamda 150 tonun \u00fczerinde hesaplanan dar bir kal\u0131ba 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plaka i\u015finin \u015fartnameye ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Matematiksel olarak yar\u0131\u00e7ap do\u011fruydu. Makinenin ise umurunda de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 darald\u0131k\u00e7a artar. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsan\u0131z, tonaj gereksinimini neredeyse yar\u0131ya indirirsiniz. Bunun nedeni, daha dar bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuvveti daha k\u0131sa bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 kolu \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131p, ayn\u0131 kamyonu ta\u015f\u0131yan daha k\u0131sa bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden, hedefledi\u011finiz i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap (IR) i\u00e7in bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tikten sonra, o kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n. Bunu \u015funlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Makinenin o uzunluktaki kapasitesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131b\u0131n fit ba\u015f\u0131na nominal tonaj\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Z\u0131mba dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
(Ve e\u011fer kal\u0131p dibine bas\u0131yorsan\u0131z, hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2014 genellikle 2 kat\u0131 veya daha fazla \u2014 art\u0131r\u0131n; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc temas alan\u0131 ve penetrasyon y\u00fck\u00fc zirveye ta\u015f\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201cbiz sadece 0,500, 1,000 ve 2,000 in\u00e7lik kal\u0131plar stokluyoruz\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. Evet, bu \u015fekilde bir\u00e7ok i\u015fi halledebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca sessizce tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlayabilir veya y\u00fcksek mukavemetli par\u00e7alarda \u00e7atlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda gezinebilir ve buna \u201cnormal sapma\u201d diyebilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, durumun ciddiyetini anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 basittir, ancak basite indirgenemez:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Ger\u00e7ek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dayan\u0131labilir bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u00e7aptan geriye do\u011fru hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131 makine ve tak\u0131m limitlerine g\u00f6re do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Bunu yap\u0131n, 8 kat kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu at\u00f6lyenizi y\u00f6netmekten vazge\u00e7sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, bu m\u00fckemmel hesaplanm\u0131\u015f kurulumu hala mahvedebilecek bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama daha var ve bunun mukavemetle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minimum Flan\u015f Tuza\u011f\u0131 ve Geometrik K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlam\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 do\u011fru se\u00e7mi\u015f, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 0,16 \u00d7 V \u00fczerinden hesaplam\u0131\u015f ve tonaj\u0131 makinenizin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde alt\u0131nda tutmu\u015f olsan\u0131z bile, par\u00e7ay\u0131 yine de hurdaya \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin gayet makul bir 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc izledim. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap 0,160 olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tonaj rahatt\u0131. Y\u00fczeyde \u00e7atlama olmad\u0131. Ancak teknik resimde 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f isteniyordu. Her par\u00e7a, sanki abkant presin kendi akl\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f gibi, kenar uzunlu\u011fu k\u0131sa ve a\u00e7\u0131 olarak geni\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yle olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f, kal\u0131p geometrisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok k\u0131sayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar, b\u00fck\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda fiziksel olarak kal\u0131p omzu \u00fczerinde d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde duramad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sac desteklenen bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi davranmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p bir tramplen gibi davranmaya ba\u015flar. Gerinim matemati\u011finiz de\u011fi\u015fmez. Destek ko\u015fulunuz de\u011fi\u015fir. Ve geometri bu kavgay\u0131 her zaman kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, hata noktas\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k de\u011filse, nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar Uzunlu\u011funuz Neden A\u00e7\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00d6nce Hata Verir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba kumpas tutun. Merkez hatt\u0131ndan her bir omuza olan mesafe 0,500 in\u00e7tir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, z\u0131mba a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indik\u00e7e malzeme o omuzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda temas eder. Bu temas alan\u0131 sizin deste\u011finizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi ayn\u0131 kal\u0131pta 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f b\u00fckmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hayal edin. V'nin yar\u0131s\u0131 (0,500 in\u00e7) zaten t\u00fcm kenar\u0131n\u0131zdan daha geni\u015ftir. Kararl\u0131 bir omuz deste\u011fi yoktur. Malzeme, b\u00fck\u00fcm tam olarak olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce V'nin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm g\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015fars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc olan \u015fey geri yaylanma de\u011fil. De\u011fi\u015fen geometridir. Y\u00fck uygulad\u0131k\u00e7a sac, kal\u0131b\u0131n daha derinlerine kayar. B\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131n\u0131z fiilen hareket eder. Tonaj\u0131n\u0131z tamamen sabit olsa bile a\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7\u0131 hatalar\u0131 malzeme sorunlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar genellikle kenar uzunlu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fte 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131n tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer buras\u0131d\u0131r. V kal\u0131b\u0131 akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa g\u00f6re do\u011fru se\u00e7tiniz. G\u00fczel. Ancak kimse flan\u015f\u0131n o V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7inde fiziksel olarak var olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce bunu nas\u0131l anlars\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re minimum flan\u015f\u0131 hesaplamak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte pratik kontrol y\u00f6ntemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in minimum flan\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,7 \u00d7 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 at\u00f6lyeler 0,6 \u00d7 V kullan\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 0,8 \u00d7 V ile i\u015fi sa\u011flama al\u0131r. Ancak 0,6 \u00d7 V'nin alt\u0131ndaysan\u0131z, kumar oynuyorsunuz demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131 ele al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 1,000 = Kararl\u0131 bir destek i\u00e7in 0,700 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu teknik resimdeki 0,375 in\u00e7lik flan\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. 0,375 \u00d7 V seviyesindesiniz. O kenar\u0131n, \u015fekillendirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda omuz \u00fczerinde tam olarak oturma \u015fans\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki operat\u00f6r ne yapt\u0131? 0,625 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ti. Bu, 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme i\u00e7in eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 ihlal ediyor (0,625 \u00f7 0,125 = 5\u00d7). Ama geometrik a\u00e7\u0131dan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 0,625 = 0,437 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k 0,375 in\u00e7lik kenar\u0131n\u0131z hala s\u0131k\u0131, ancak en az\u0131ndan fiziksel destek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin p\u00fcf noktas\u0131 burada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131b\u0131 daraltmak sadece geometriyi d\u00fczeltmedi. Tonaj\u0131 da f\u0131rlatt\u0131. 0,250 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00fczerinde, 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta 10 feet ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ton, 3,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 139 ton \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde y\u00fck iki kattan fazla artar. Ayn\u0131 fizik kurallar\u0131 daha ince saclar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f deste\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zersiniz ve sessizce abkant presi daha fazla y\u00fcklersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler\u201d bu \u015fekilde pahal\u0131 hurdalara veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, pahal\u0131 tak\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f daha da k\u0131saysa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cKayma\u201d Riski: K\u0131sa bir flan\u015f V kal\u0131ba girdi\u011finde ne olur?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f \u00e7ok k\u0131sa oldu\u011funda, sadece deste\u011fini kaybetmekle kalmaz. \u00dcst kal\u0131p (z\u0131mba) sac\u0131 i\u00e7eri itti\u011finde flan\u015f V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine devrilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Omzlardan birinde parlak bir s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme izi g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu kozmetik bir durum de\u011fildir. Bu, sac\u0131n kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ferken d\u00f6nmesidir. B\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7izgisi i\u00e7eri do\u011fru kayar ve hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m uzunlu\u011fundan daha k\u0131sa bir kenar elde etmenize neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k b\u00fck\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (bend deduction) hesab\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fru olsa bile, a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte daha yeni kuvvet modellerinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. SPCC ve 1100-O al\u00fcminyum \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya testleri, ideal olmayan temas ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek b\u00fckme y\u00fcklerinin genellikle tablo de\u011ferlerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kayma, bu ko\u015fullardan biridir. Temiz bir omuz temas\u0131 yerine noktasal y\u00fckleme al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yerel bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. \u0130z olu\u015fumu artar. Kuvvet tahmini ise tamamen ge\u00e7ersiz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden minimum flan\u015f bir \u00f6neri de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir stabilite gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak flan\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n 0,7 \u00d7 V kural\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. Destekleniyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131 tutarl\u0131. \u00d6zellikle tak\u0131m raf\u0131n\u0131zda \u201cverimli\u201d olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sessiz bir geometri sorunu daha var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tekli V vs. \u00c7oklu V Bloklar\u0131: \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ne zaman bir y\u00fck haline gelir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131 severim. Yer tasarrufu sa\u011flarlar. Tek bir tak\u0131mda 0,500'den 0,750'ye ve 1,000'e ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V \u00fczerindeki omuzlar daha dard\u0131r. Biti\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki mesafe daha incedir. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u2014 \u00f6zellikle feet ba\u015f\u0131na 20 tonun \u00fczerinde \u2014 ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip \u00f6zel bir tekli V blo\u011fundan daha fazla esneme yaparlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Esneme, bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki efektif V geni\u015fli\u011finizi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131nda hassasiyet kayb\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 malzemeyi, hafif sac kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in derecelendirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7oklu V blo\u011funun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Uzunluk boyunca, tek par\u00e7a 0,750 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131pta g\u00f6rmeyece\u011finiz bir a\u00e7\u0131 sapmas\u0131 elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc derecelendirme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdesi mikroskobik d\u00fczeyde esner. Bu esneme, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fletir. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap anlam\u0131na gelir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme (springback) demektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla programlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z derinlik art\u0131k hedef a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131za e\u015fit olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00e7ok incedir. Burada bir derece. \u015eurada bir bu\u00e7uk derece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b10,5\u00b0 toleransl\u0131 bir i\u015fte, bu hurda demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00e7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6p oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ancak bu bir at\u00f6lye tecr\u00fcbesidir, evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda gayet iyidirler. Onlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ra zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda geometri kayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, ne zaman esnek olmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek toleransl\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel tekli V kal\u0131plar\u0131na ne zaman yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer teknik resim 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00b10,5\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 talep ediyorsa ve siz fit ba\u015f\u0131na 15\u201320 tonluk bir bask\u0131 uyguluyorsan\u0131z, \u00f6zel kal\u0131b\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt\u0131nda tam k\u00fctle bulunan tek bir 0,875 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7lik V, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda geometriyi daha iyi koruyacakt\u0131r. Daha az esneme. Daha tutarl\u0131 yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir geri esneme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta maliyeti daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak kal\u0131p \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p esnedi\u011fi i\u00e7in son 30 par\u00e7an\u0131n tolerans d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle 200 par\u00e7al\u0131k bir seriyi yeniden \u00fcretmenin maliyeti de ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve kal\u0131p k\u00fctlesi hala yeterli gelmedi\u011finde?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zor B\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Geometriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar sadece mukavemet veya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu konusunda size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermez. Y\u00fczey, geri esneme veya her ikisi konusunda da sizi zorlarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte o zaman standart V kal\u0131plar\u0131 do\u011fru ara\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rulo kal\u0131plar ve \u00fcretan u\u00e7lar: Geometriden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden iz b\u0131rakma sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
F\u0131r\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye sahip kozmetik 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 malzeme, her omuz izini g\u00f6sterecektir. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletebilirsiniz, ancak bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu durumda a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z kaymaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir rulo kal\u0131p, temas ko\u015fulunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Malzeme, sabit bir omuz \u00fczerinde kaymak yerine yuvarlan\u0131r. Daha az s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme. Daha az iz. Daha tutarl\u0131 bir kuvvet e\u011frisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dcretan ek par\u00e7alar y\u00fck\u00fc daha geni\u015f bir y\u00fczeye yayarak, sizi gere\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zorlamadan tepe bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Geometri, hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yar\u0131\u00e7apa daha yak\u0131n kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k sadece a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini de\u011fil, temas mekani\u011fini y\u00f6netiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Farkl\u0131 kald\u0131ra\u00e7. Ayn\u0131 hedef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 V kal\u0131plar: Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 malzemelerde geri esmeyi \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Standart 90\u00b0'lik bir V kal\u0131pta 6\u20138 derece geri esme yapan 0,187 in\u00e7lik 80.000 PSI'l\u0131k bir malzemeyi ele alal\u0131m. Derinlik vererek fazla b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilirsiniz, ancak penetrasyon artar ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tonaj da y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
30\u00b0 veya 60\u00b0'lik dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 bir V kal\u0131p, tam formlama (coining) yapmadan tabana oturtma geometrisini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Kal\u0131p duvarlar\u0131 daha erken devreye girer. Geri esmeyi kaba kuvvetle de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131yla kontrol edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, tonaj artar (ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131n\u0131za dikkat edin), ancak derinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131sal kontrolle takas ediyorsunuz. Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 par\u00e7alarda bu, kararl\u0131 bir 90\u00b0 ile t\u00fcm vardiya boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc tutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak aras\u0131ndaki fark anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu noktada model netle\u015fmi\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 size \u00e7atlamadan ne kadar dar b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilece\u011finizi s\u00f6yledi. Tonaj, makinenin hayatta kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, par\u00e7an\u0131n fiziksel olarak kal\u0131ba oturup oturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Tak\u0131m geometrisi ise o kurulumun y\u00fck alt\u0131nda tolerans\u0131 koruyup korumayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlardan herhangi birini g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, m\u00fckemmel gerinim hesaplamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine pahal\u0131 hurda \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani ger\u00e7ek i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu; gerinim kapasitesi, y\u00fck kapasitesi ve fiziksel destektir; hem de bu s\u0131rayla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lye Karar \u00c7er\u00e7evesi: \u201cA\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan\u201d \u201cGerinim Kontrol\u00fcne\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir oran de\u011fil. \u201c8\u00d7\u201d de\u011fil. 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin pahal\u0131 hurdas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini engellerken, flan\u015f \u00fczerinde \u00b10,5\u00b0 ve \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 tolerans\u0131 koruman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u0131ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte de\u011fi\u015fim burada: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 doldurulacak bir bo\u015fluk gibi se\u00e7meyi b\u0131rak\u0131n. Onu bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fck de\u011ferini belirliyormu\u015fsunuz gibi se\u00e7meye ba\u015flay\u0131n. Sac, yoldur. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fckt\u00fcr. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z bir \u015feyler \u00e7atlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z yol sarkar; yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcr, geri esme artar, a\u00e7\u0131lar sapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle karar s\u00fcreci yaln\u0131zca tek bir y\u00f6nde ilerler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0130zin verilen gerinimi tan\u0131mlay\u0131n (malzemeden ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aptan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcretecek bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131, makine ve kal\u0131p de\u011ferine g\u00f6re kontrol edin (toplam tonaj de\u011fil, ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n (\u2265 0,7 \u00d7 V).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tolerans\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r bir tekli-V veya \u00f6zel bir kal\u0131p gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011fine karar verin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131ralama budur. Bunu bozarsan\u0131z kumara geri d\u00f6nersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden oradan ba\u015fl\u0131yorsunuz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc metal sizin genel kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 umursamaz. Gerilime tepki verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce Malzeme\u201d Kontrol Listesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce malzeme\u201d demek \u201c\u00f6nce kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d demek de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bana 0,187 in\u00e7 A36 ve 0,187 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik verirseniz ve \u201cher zaman kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu\u201d diyerek ayn\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik V'yi kullanmam\u0131 s\u00f6ylerseniz, bu par\u00e7alardan birinin risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu zaten bilirim. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Farkl\u0131 gerinim kapasitesi. Farkl\u0131 geri esneme. Ayak ba\u015f\u0131na farkl\u0131 tonaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir; 36.000\u201360.000 PSI yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte s\u0131k\u0131 toleranslar pe\u015finde ko\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece 8\u00d7 gayet iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tuzak, bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n 70.000\u201390.000 PSI paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe veya a\u015f\u0131nmaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 plakaya aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden kontrol listesi \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Ger\u00e7ek malzeme spesifikasyonu (\u201cpaslanmaz\u201d de\u011fil \u2014 304 m\u00fc? 301 yar\u0131 sert mi?)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f (nominal de\u011fil; 0,125 olarak sat\u0131lan 0,120 in\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bask\u0131daki hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gerekli a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a \u00fczerindeki minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu olmadan, tak\u0131m se\u00e7imine bir gerinim sorunu yerine katalog sorunuymu\u015f gibi bakars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m dolab\u0131na dokunmadan \u00f6nce do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gereken temel veri noktalar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Somutla\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki bask\u0131da 0,125 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, 90\u00b0, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap maksimum 0,125 in\u00e7, \u00b10,5\u00b0, flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu 0,750 in\u00e7 isteniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birinci ad\u0131m: Hava b\u00fckmede yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7elik i\u00e7in i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,16 \u00d7 V de\u011ferinde seyreder. Yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En yak\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131p 0,750 veya 0,875'tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi gerinim ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini kontrol edelim. 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, bir\u00e7ok temper de\u011ferinde \u00e7atlama yapmadan kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 kadar i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tolere edebilir. 0,125 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta 0,125 in\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, 1T (kal\u0131nl\u0131k) de\u011ferindedir. G\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgedeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi tonaj. Daha dar bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fit ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen tonaj\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer o 0,750 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 beni bu malzeme \u00fczerinde fit ba\u015f\u0131na 18\u201320 tonun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa (tablonuzu kontrol edin), kal\u0131b\u0131n ve abkant presin buna uygun oldu\u011funu do\u011frulasam iyi olur. Birinin fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmezden gelip sadece toplam tonaja bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u015finde hafif bir \u00e7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 mantar gibi ezdi\u011fine \u015fahit oldum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu. 0,7 \u00d7 0,750 = 0,525 in\u00e7 minimum. Teknik resim 0,750 in\u00e7 istiyor. Destekleniyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi \u2014 ve ancak \u015fimdi \u2014 dolab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine dikkat edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asla \u201ckal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 8 kat\u0131\u201d demedik. \u201cBu malzeme hangi gerinime dayanabilir ve hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gerinimi \u00fcretir?\u201d dedik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kontrol budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yayg\u0131n Kal\u0131p Kaynakl\u0131 Ar\u0131zalar\u0131n Giderilmesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r \u00f6nce derinli\u011fi veya geri esneme telafisini su\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bazen yan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlama, iz yapma veya tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131p kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Paslanmaz \u00e7elikte b\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131nda \u00e7atlama m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer \u201cdaha g\u00fcvenli hissettirdi\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tiyseniz, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z 0,160 in\u00e7 civar\u0131nda seyreder. Bu, \u00e7atlama riskini azalt\u0131r, evet \u2014 ancak geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden 90 dereceyi yakalamak i\u00e7in daha derine inersiniz. Daha derin inmek, daha fazla penetrasyon, omuzlarda daha fazla temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve bazen yerel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerinim anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlak, \u00e7ok dar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in olu\u015fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim yolunun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011finiz i\u00e7in olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00fczeyli 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 al\u00fcminyumda a\u011f\u0131r omuz izleri mi var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba kalitesini su\u00e7lamadan \u00f6nce, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorun. Dar V, daha y\u00fcksek temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 demektir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek izleri azalt\u0131r ancak yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. E\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131 darsa, bu \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim parti genelinde tutars\u0131zl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzun bir par\u00e7ada soldan sa\u011fa tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n tonaj de\u011ferinin \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131nsan\u0131z, g\u00f6vde esner. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k merkezde etkili bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fler. Merkezdeki daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme ve daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir a\u00e7\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir derinlik sorunu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (span) sehimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu belirtiyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kendinize \u015fu soruyu sorun: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemeyi tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir gerinim veya y\u00fck ko\u015fuluna m\u0131 zorluyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cevap evet ise, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla strok de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zihinsel De\u011fi\u015fim: Sadece Metal B\u00fckmek De\u011fil, Malzeme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00f6netmek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Siz sac katlam\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde kalarak, iki omuz aras\u0131ndaki malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir bo\u015fluk sorunu de\u011fil, bir kontrol sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden tutarl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar katalog taramak yerine hesaplamalarla ba\u015flar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Katalog mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle der: 0,125 in\u00e7 malzeme \u2192 1,000 in\u00e7 V \u2192 tamamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle der: Hangi yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiyac\u0131m var? Hangi V bunu \u00fcretir? Bu, fit ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 ton gerektirir? Kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdem bunu sehim yapmadan ta\u015f\u0131yabilir mi? Flan\u015f fiziksel olarak 0,7 \u00d7 V veya daha fazlas\u0131nda stabil bir \u015fekilde duruyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u0131ra, b\u00fckme i\u015flemini al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131ktan m\u00fchendisli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fleri bir y\u0131l boyunca bu \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde bir \u015feyler de\u011fi\u015fir. \u201cGenellikle hangi V'yi kullan\u0131r\u0131z?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, \u201cHangi gerinimi yarat\u0131yorum?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130leriye ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metal sizin kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmez. Sadece ona uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z stresi bilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinimi kontrol edin; tonaj, a\u00e7\u0131, tolerans ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc gibi geriye kalan her \u015fey bunun ard\u0131ndan kendili\u011finden d\u00fczene girecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lgili Kaynaklar ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kesim Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Giyotin Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Panel B\u00fckme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kaynak Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Sac Yuvarlama Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, V Kanal A\u00e7ma Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 materyal isteyen okuyucular i\u00e7in, Bro\u015f\u00fcrler<\/a> yararl\u0131 bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kaynakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Demir \u0130\u015fleme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V-kal\u0131pta d\u0131\u015f yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndan tam ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Ayn\u0131 kurulumla t\u00fcm sabah boyunca hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 arka dayama ve ayn\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bir malzeme temiz bir \u015fekilde b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcrken, di\u011feri pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. E\u011fer bu kural sa\u011flam olsayd\u0131, neden [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1354,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions\/1354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nV-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 darald\u0131k\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f liflere ger\u00e7ekte ne olur?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Sac\u0131n, iki destek aras\u0131ndaki bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurdu\u011funu hayal edin. Z\u0131mba, merkezi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru zorlar. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ne kadar dar olursa, kavis o kadar keskin olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O kavisi keskinle\u015ftirirseniz, d\u0131\u015f lifler i\u00e7tekilerden daha uza\u011fa gider. Esnerler. Akma noktas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ince plastik olarak deforme olurlar. Daha fazla iterseniz incelirler. Daha da fazla iterseniz yar\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte gerinim, g\u00fcvenli bir aral\u0131kta kal\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131na 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik koyarsan\u0131z, daha y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip bir malzemeden ayn\u0131 dar yar\u0131\u00e7apa kadar esnemesini istiyorsunuz demektir. Bu malzeme daha fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir, daha fazla geri yaylan\u0131r ve b\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131nda gerilimi daha sert bir \u015fekilde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte gerinim bo\u015flu\u011fu budur; kal\u0131b\u0131n talep etti\u011fi ile malzemenin tolere edebilece\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki fark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bo\u015flu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f kapat\u0131rsan\u0131z, elinizde pahal\u0131 bir hurda y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7elik, ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta olsa bile neden daha geni\u015f bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
60.000 PSI de\u011ferindeki 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fi ve 100.000 PSI de\u011ferindeki 0,125 in\u00e7lik y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eli\u011fi ele alal\u0131m. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k ayn\u0131d\u0131r. 8\u00d7 kural\u0131 her ikisine de 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak daha y\u00fcksek mukavemetli sac, akmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla gerilime ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. D\u0131\u015f lif gerinimini s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde tutmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rmak, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek anlam\u0131na gelir; kaliteye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n belki 10 kat\u0131 veya hatta 12 kat\u0131 kadar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Daha geni\u015f kal\u0131p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer 8\u00d7 kural\u0131n\u0131 kutsal bir ger\u00e7ek gibi ezberlediyseniz bu yanl\u0131\u015f hissettirir. Ancak birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru hissettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve kal\u0131b\u0131 geni\u015fletmek, yar\u0131\u00e7aptan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonaj vs. Geni\u015flik: Kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131z Gizlice Makinenizi Zorluyor mu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDar bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerekli b\u00fckme kuvvetini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta \u015fudur: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde tonaj, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirirseniz, gerekli tonaj kabaca iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar (y\u00f6ntem fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve malzeme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc sabitken). Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu, hidrolik sistemin inlemesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,250 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik b\u00fck\u00fcyorsunuz ve 10 feet boyunca 60 tondas\u0131n\u0131z. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmek i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferseniz, 120 tonla fl\u00f6rt ediyorsunuz demektir (denemeden \u00f6nce tablonuzu kontrol edin). 100 tonluk bir makinede bu bir teori de\u011fildir. Bu, hatal\u0131 bir kurulumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, zaten akmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla kuvvete ihtiya\u00e7 duyan y\u00fcksek mukavemetli bir malzeme ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Dar kal\u0131b\u0131 korursan\u0131z, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck V kal\u0131b\u0131ndan gelen y\u00fcksek tonaj talebinin \u00fczerine daha y\u00fcksek akma gerilimini de eklemi\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Makine, genel kurallar\u0131 umursamaz. O, kuvvete bakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmak yerine kal\u0131b\u0131 ne zaman geni\u015fletmeli<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, yetersiz boyuttaki bir kal\u0131pta paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131 tutuyor. Par\u00e7a iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak kaplamadan sonra veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc sahada mikro \u00e7atlaklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonaj tablonuzun \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve malzeme size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steriyorsa, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm genellikle daha fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletin. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fal i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kabul edin. Flan\u015f boyutlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yeniden hesaplay\u0131n. Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunun sonunda, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeden 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fma konusunda kendinizi huzursuz hissetmelisiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fczel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ezberlenecek bir kural de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O, m\u00fchendislik gerektiren bir y\u00fck karar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Fizi\u011fi: Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve Geri Esnemeyi Kontrol Etmek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir sac\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kal\u0131pta (0,750 in\u00e7 V, 1,000 in\u00e7 V ve 1,500 in\u00e7 V) b\u00fck\u00fclmesini izledim; ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 abkant pres, ayn\u0131 operat\u00f6r. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap o kadar de\u011fi\u015fti ki par\u00e7a ayn\u0131 mastar blo\u011funa iki kez uymad\u0131. Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Sadece V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir de\u011filse, kal\u0131b\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l se\u00e7ersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131b\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ctutucu\u201d de\u011fildir. Bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durur ve z\u0131mba ortay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru zorlar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fi, malzemenin 90 dereceye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne kadar sert b\u00fck\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirler. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz e\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. E\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz d\u0131\u015f lif gerinimini, tonaj\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. Bu bir fikir de\u011fil. Bu mekaniktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bunu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, \u201cKural nedir?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p \u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k hangi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-Geni\u015fli\u011fi \u201cDo\u011fal\u201d Y\u00fczen Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirler?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fi ele alal\u0131m. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde, z\u0131mba ucunuz keskin oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 0,031 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmezsiniz. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz. Malzeme, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fczer\u201d ve kendi e\u011frisine yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu e\u011fri rastgele de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzeme, o omuzlar\u0131n birbirinden ne kadar uzak oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fal bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturur. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha dar V, daha s\u0131k\u0131 do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u201cuymas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in se\u00e7miyorsunuz. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131, fark\u0131nda olsan\u0131z da olmasan\u0131z da belirli bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in se\u00e7iyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu da \u015fu anlama gelir: E\u011fer teknik resminiz 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzemede 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsa, i\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131ktan ba\u015flamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe, o yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 y\u00fczd\u00fcrecek V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geriye do\u011fru hesaplayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ili\u015fki nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15-20% kural\u0131: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tahmin etme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,500 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kadar olan yumu\u015fak \u00e7eliklerde, haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmdeki i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabaca ila 'sidir. Bir\u00e7ok tablo bunu 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip malzeme i\u00e7in R \u2248 V \u00f7 8 \u015feklinde basitle\u015ftirir. Eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu buradan gelmektedir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 8'e b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011funa dikkat edin. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00f6ncelikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir fonksiyonudur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k ise arka planda etkili olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 85.000\u201395.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe ge\u00e7elim. Yine 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanal\u0131m. Genellikle yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fe g\u00f6re biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, daha dar bir kavis olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fczde de\u011fi\u015fir. Temper durumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki V \u00f7 7,5 veya V \u00f7 7'ye daha yak\u0131n davran\u0131r. Bu matemati\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu, malzemenin kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin anahtar\u0131 \u015fudur: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde, do\u011frudan i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlersiniz. Malzemeniz \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 1\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta bir minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap gerektiriyorsa, en az bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcreten bir V se\u00e7ersiniz. Bir tablo \u00f6yle dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil; malzemenizin dayanabilece\u011fi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakan bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, ayar sayfas\u0131ndaki her \u015feyi tersine \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014z\u0131mba de\u011fil\u2014 haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol eder<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oturtulmu\u015f 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plakaya 0,062 in\u00e7lik bir z\u0131mba ucunun dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u201czorla\u201d kabul ettirece\u011fi konusunda \u0131srar ettiklerine \u015fahit oldum. Ettiremez. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba malzemeye tepe noktas\u0131ndan temas eder, ancak sac kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131nda desteklenir. Siz tabana oturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya ezme (coining) yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece, z\u0131mba ucu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 nihai i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap i\u00e7in neredeyse \u00f6nemsizdir. Malzeme ask\u0131dad\u0131r. Burun k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece keskin bir z\u0131mbadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir buruna ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilir ve i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apta neredeyse hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6remezsiniz. Bunu 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finde denedim. Penetrasyon derinli\u011fi nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131 biraz de\u011fi\u015fti. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap ise etkilenmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden biri \u201cDaha dar bir z\u0131mbaya ihtiyac\u0131m var\u201d dedi\u011finde, genellikle \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tim\u201d demek istiyordur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve e\u011fer yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirliyorsa, ba\u015fka neleri sessizce de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p Geni\u015fli\u011fi ve Geri Yaylanma Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fi 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 90 derece b\u00fck\u00fcn. Geri yaylanmadan sonra 90 derecede kalabilmek i\u00e7in 83 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekebilir. Ayn\u0131 sac\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7ine koyun, \u015fimdi belki 80 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekecektir. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 malzeme. Farkl\u0131 kal\u0131p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geri yaylanma elastik geri kazan\u0131m demektir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, plastik gerinim o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde depolanan elastik enerji y\u00fczdesi o kadar y\u00fcksektir. Daha geni\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2192 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u2192 elastik olana k\u0131yasla daha az plastik deformasyon \u2192 daha fazla geri yaylanma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015fu budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar baz\u0131 malzemelerde geri yaylanmay\u0131 asl\u0131nda art\u0131rabilir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eliklerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin 100.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme) bu etki daha belirgin hale gelir. Malzeme zaten y\u00fcksek bir akma noktas\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir elastik aral\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in onu geni\u015f bir V'ye, belki 1,500 veya 1,750 in\u00e7lik bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa koydu\u011funuzda, plastik gerinimi daha da azaltm\u0131\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 mu? 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcmde 4\u20136 derecelik bir geri yaylanma g\u00f6rebilirsiniz (tonaj tablonuza dikkat edin). Operat\u00f6rler pani\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131r ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Sadece z\u0131mbay\u0131 daha derine iter ve tabana oturmaya (bottoming) yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As\u0131l kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha geni\u015f kal\u0131p, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rarak \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. Ancak makineniz, tak\u0131m hizalaman\u0131z veya malzeme partiniz tutarl\u0131 de\u011filse, sizi daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131sal sapma ile cezaland\u0131rabilir. Bu, dar kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ip flan\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7atlatmak i\u00e7in bir neden de\u011fildir. Bu, se\u00e7ti\u011finiz dengeyi anlaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir nedendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki bunu nas\u0131l dengelersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yar\u0131\u00e7ap kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131sal tutarl\u0131l\u0131kla dengelemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve uzamaya dayal\u0131 olarak malzemenin minimum g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ile ba\u015flay\u0131n. E\u011fer 0,125 in\u00e7lik y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, tehlike b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorsa, bunu destekleyen bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in; at\u00f6lyenizin ampirik oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan iki k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birincisi: tonaj. Daha dar V, daha y\u00fcksek kuvvet anlam\u0131na gelir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede tonaj, kabaca V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde gereken kuvveti neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bunu 100.000 PSI'l\u0131k malzeme \u00fczerine ekledi\u011finizde h\u0131zla makine s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kincisi: geometri. Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,67 ile 0,77 kat\u0131d\u0131r. 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V se\u00e7erseniz, sadece kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,000 in\u00e7lik d\u00fcz bir baca\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. E\u011fer teknik resminiz size sadece 0,750 in\u00e7 veriyorsa, o kal\u0131p fiziksel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama problemini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyorsunuz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Malzeme minimum bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap talep ediyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj tablosu maksimum kuvveti s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a geometrisi maksimum V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi budur. 8 kat et kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri yaylanma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etti\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, bir sonraki rahats\u0131z edici soruyu sormaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z demektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma (bottoming) veya ezme (coining) y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme Y\u00f6nteminiz Kal\u0131p Gereksinimlerini Nas\u0131l Yeniden Tan\u0131mlar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma veya ezme y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde mekanik olarak ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mesine izin vermeyi b\u0131rak\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi as\u0131l\u0131 durur ve z\u0131mba, plastik deformasyon elastik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 yenene kadar onu bir e\u011fri i\u00e7ine iter. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini belirler. Malzeme, bu geometri dahilinde istedi\u011fi yerde akar. Geri yaylanma tahmin edilebilirdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sac\u0131 asla tam olarak hapsetmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabana oturtma ve ezme farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar, kal\u0131b\u0131 bir destek olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir kal\u0131ba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve kal\u0131p bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yanl\u0131\u015f V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 size sadece yanl\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap vermekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda kuvveti, gerilimi ve maliyetli hurday\u0131 katlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada B\u00fckme: Bir Kal\u0131p De\u011fil, Bir Destek Olarak Alt Kal\u0131p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckmede z\u0131mba, sac\u0131 asla alt kal\u0131b\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na ve taban\u0131na tam temas edecek \u015fekilde itmez. \u00dc\u00e7 temas noktas\u0131. Hepsi bu kadar. \u0130ki omuz ve z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sac, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fine ve malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cy\u00fczd\u00fcrmekte\u201d serbesttir. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturabilirken, 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. Alt kal\u0131p \u015fekli zorunlu k\u0131lmaz, sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi hapsediyor de\u011fil, y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, havada b\u00fckmenin ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir dizi V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tolere edebilmesinin nedenidir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 sac\u0131 1,000 in\u00e7lik veya 1,250 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fckebilir ve geri esnemeyi (springback) ve flan\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011finiz s\u00fcrece i\u015fi yine de ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilirsiniz. Tonaj de\u011fi\u015fir (tablonuzu kontrol edin), yar\u0131\u00e7ap de\u011fi\u015fir, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckme miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir; ancak sac geometriye zorlanarak ezilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt kal\u0131p bir destektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve destekler e\u011frili\u011fi dikte etmez; sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde olmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme neden daha geni\u015f bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin verir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi asla alt kal\u0131ba tam olarak oturtmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fclen yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, orant\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kayd\u0131r\u0131r. V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde tonaj\u0131 neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Geni\u015fletti\u011finizde ise geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Ancak malzeme yine de elastik ve plastik gerinim aras\u0131nda kendi dengesini bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayarlanabilirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme derinli\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fczeltmesi veya malzeme testleri ile telafi edebilirsiniz. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biraz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutsan\u0131z bile, sac sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde \u00fct\u00fclenmez. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj g\u00f6rebilirsiniz, ancak malzemeyi otomatik olarak gerinim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine zorlamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden malzeme partinizin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 5.000 PSI de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde havada b\u00fckme ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 hissettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sistemin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015fik bir esneklik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ve hassasiyet aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fcksek sesle s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131m buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, bu esneklik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir miktar a\u00e7\u0131sal hassasiyetten \u00f6d\u00fcn verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geri esneme telafisine g\u00fcvendi\u011finiz i\u00e7in, nihai a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z tutarl\u0131 malzeme \u00f6zelliklerine, tutarl\u0131 b\u00fckme derinli\u011fine ve birka\u00e7 binde bir hassasiyetle tekrarlama yapabilen bir prese ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 0,090 in\u00e7lik 7075-T6 malzemeden yap\u0131lan s\u0131k toleransl\u0131 bir havac\u0131l\u0131k braketinde bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlik h\u0131zla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunu kontrol alt\u0131nda tutabilirsiniz. Ancak y\u00f6netmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada tabana oturtma (bottoming) ve darbe ile b\u00fckme (coining) cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onlar a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201csabitlemeyi\u201d vaat ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sorun, bu kilitlemenin maliyetinin ne oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe Oturtma ve Ezerek \u015eekillendirme (Coining): Bu Y\u00f6ntemler Neden Yanl\u0131\u015f V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Cezaland\u0131r\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma, di\u011fer her \u015feyden daha \u00f6nemli olan bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na temas edene kadar kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funa s\u00fcrersiniz ve ard\u0131ndan ilk temastan sonra daha da ileri itersiniz; bu genellikle geri esnemeyi azaltmak i\u00e7in b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini \u201315 oran\u0131nda daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Art\u0131k sac, omuzlar aras\u0131nda havada as\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir. Geometrinin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onu zorluyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve metali zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, tonaj g\u00f6stergesi do\u011fruyu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l kilitler ancak tak\u0131m stresini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 1\u20132 ton g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 kurulumu dibe oturtursan\u0131z, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu y\u00fck\u00fc kolayca ikiye veya \u00fc\u00e7e katlayabilirsiniz. Abkant pres art\u0131k sizin pratik kural tablonuzu umursamaz. O, temas alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131na uydu\u011funuzu ve malzemenin minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar bir V se\u00e7ti\u011finizi hayal edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu, daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj olarak kendini g\u00f6sterebilirdi; yani bir uyar\u0131. Dibe oturtmada ise, b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini malzemenin tolere edebilece\u011finden daha keskin olabilecek bir kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na eziyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201ckilitlemek\u201d i\u00e7in uygulanan ekstra \u201315'lik penetrasyon, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeydeki basma gerilimini ve n\u00f6tr eksenin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekme gerinimini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte flan\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve tak\u0131m \u00fcreticilerinin dibe oturtmay\u0131 \u00f6nermelerinin bir nedeni var. Malzemeyi y\u00fcksek tonaj alt\u0131nda sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kal\u0131plara tam olarak oturttu\u011funuzda, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 veya malzeme s\u00fcnekli\u011findeki herhangi bir uyumsuzluk do\u011frudan tak\u0131m a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye veya omuzlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda durumun ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma geri esnemeyi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yan\u0131lma pay\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme (coining) neden 8x kural\u0131n\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6rmezden gelir ve \u00f6zel geometri gerektirir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme, dibe oturtman\u0131n biraz daha fazlas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu farkl\u0131 bir rejimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba ucunu, t\u00fcm b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini kal\u0131nl\u0131k boyunca plastik olarak deforme edecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvetle (hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcndeki 1\u20132 tona k\u0131yasla genellikle in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 50 ton veya daha fazla) malzemeye s\u00fcrersiniz. Sadece b\u00fckm\u00fcyorsunuz. \u00dct\u00fcl\u00fcyorsunuz. Z\u0131mba burun yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap haline gelir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc malzemeyi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 basma gerilimi alt\u0131nda yerinden oynat\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O b\u00f6lgedeki her noktada akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in geri esneme neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya 8\u00d7 kural\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Burada anlams\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmede (coining), V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemenin k\u0131r\u0131lmadan veya tak\u0131mlara zarar vermeden akabilmesi i\u00e7in z\u0131mba geometrisi ve malzeme mukavemeti ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00c7ok dar olursa tonaj makine kapasitesinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7ok geni\u015f olursa destek kaybedilir, a\u00e7\u0131 bozulur veya par\u00e7a \u00fczerinde iz olu\u015fur. Tak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fcke dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in geometri se\u00e7enekleri daral\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmenin modern at\u00f6lyelerde nadir olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. \u0130\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil \u2014kesinlikle i\u015fe yarar\u2014 ancak \u00f6zel tak\u0131mlar, rijit makineler ve disiplinli bir kurulum gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in. Burada V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7erseniz sadece a\u00e7\u0131 kaymas\u0131 g\u00f6rmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Presten gelen keskin bir ses, tonaj g\u00f6stergesinde bir ani y\u00fckseli\u015f ve bazen kurulumunuzu pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren k\u0131r\u0131k bir z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, malzemenin kendi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bulmas\u0131na izin verir. Tabana oturtma ve ezerek b\u00fckme ise bir rady\u00fcs dayat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu fark\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar ve ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 boyutland\u0131rmak gibi bir y\u00fck y\u00f6netimi karar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yleyse, b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ve kuvvetin tak\u0131mlar i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, bunu her seferinde do\u011fru V'yi se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in tekrarlanabilir bir yola nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Malzemeleri \u0130\u00e7in Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Se\u00e7im Y\u00f6ntemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz bir braketin, kurulum ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f rady\u00fcs\u00fcnden boydan boya \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Operat\u00f6r yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131. Kural, o y\u00fck i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi kuvvetin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, V se\u00e7imi kal\u0131nl\u0131kla de\u011fil, malzemenin y\u00fck de\u011feriyle, yani akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte at\u00f6lyede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m, beni 7075-T6 ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli plakalarda pahal\u0131 hurda yapmaktan kurtaran i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Akma Mukavemetini ve Do\u011fru \u00c7arpan\u0131 Belirleyin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sertifikay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f emrindeki genel \u201cpaslanmaz\u201d ibaresini de\u011fil. De\u011firmen test raporundaki ger\u00e7ek akma mukavemetini. A36, 36.000 PSI akma g\u00f6sterebilir. So\u011fuk \u00e7ekilmi\u015f 1018, 50.000\u201360.000 PSI civar\u0131nda olabilir. 304 paslanmaz genellikle 30.000\u201345.000 PSI akma mukavemetine sahiptir ancak h\u0131zla sertle\u015fir. 7075-T6 al\u00fcminyum 73.000 PSI akma civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. HSLA kaliteleri bunun \u00e7ok \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma mukavemeti, d\u0131\u015f liflerin plastik olarak esnemeden \u00f6nce ne kadar gerilime dayanabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Rady\u00fcs ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilimi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. \u00c7atlama mekanizmas\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lyelerde dola\u015fan o \u201cal\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6\u00d7, paslanmaz i\u00e7in 10\u00d7\u201d \u00e7arpanlar\u0131 m\u0131? Bunlar, akma mukavemetinin hayatta kalabilir gerilime kaba bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evrilmi\u015f halidir. Ancak al\u00fcminyum tek bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. 5052-H32 harika b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr. 7075-T6 ise ters bakarsan\u0131z k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Tamamen farkl\u0131 gerilim tolerans\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7arpan\u0131, malzeme ad\u0131na de\u011fil, akma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tahmini olarak ele al\u0131yorum. 40.000 PSI akman\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u0131? Genellikle daha dar oranlarla ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. 60.000 PSI civar\u0131nda m\u0131? Klasik yap\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00f6lgesindesiniz. 70.000 PSI \u00fczerinde mi? D\u0131\u015f lifleri korumak i\u00e7in kal\u0131plar\u0131 h\u0131zla geni\u015fletmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamazsan\u0131z, gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorsunuz demektir. Ve gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, flan\u015flar\u0131n yar\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6x, paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in 10x-12x ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik (HSLA) i\u00e7in 12x+ kullanarak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bunun pratikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinde 0,125 in\u00e7lik 5052-H32 al\u00fcminyum oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 28.000\u201333.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu malzeme daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7aplara tolerans g\u00f6sterir, bu nedenle hava b\u00fckmede 6\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir V (0,750 in\u00e7) genellikle iyi sonu\u00e7 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin; akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 belki 35.000\u201345.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ancak agresif bir i\u015f sertle\u015fmesi \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u201cal\u00fcminyumda i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u201d diyerek 0,750 in\u00e7te \u0131srar ederseniz, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z daral\u0131r, d\u0131\u015f gerilme artar ve cilal\u0131 par\u00e7alarda mikro \u00e7atlaklar g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131na ge\u00e7erseniz malzeme rahatlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
80.000 PSI akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik HSLA'y\u0131 ele alal\u0131m. E\u011fer raf sistemi ikili d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in onu 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na zorlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, gerilmeyi malzemenin kesinlikle dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yar\u0131\u00e7apa yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsunuz demektir. Bu bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k sorunu de\u011fildir. Bu bir akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011finizde, bir sonraki soru kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O malzeme y\u0131rt\u0131lmadan hangi i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa dayanabilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Hedef \u0130\u00e7 Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) Hesaplay\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finin g\u00fcn boyu 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ayn\u0131 numaray\u0131 0,187 in\u00e7lik 4140 \u00f6n sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elikle denerseniz, yerdeki par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi esner. Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mdaki \u00e7ekme gerilmesi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. Bu gerilme, malzemenin akma noktas\u0131ndaki uzama kapasitesini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7atlama meydana gelir. Fizik budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme i\u00e7in, 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 civar\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00e7elik i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir kural, malzeme kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak e\u015fit bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apt\u0131r. Eski \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte bazen i\u015fe yaramas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 8\u00d7 V kal\u0131b\u0131nda hava b\u00fckme, genellikle kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 civar\u0131nda bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ili\u015fki de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha y\u00fcksek mukavemetli malzemeler, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilmesini k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aplara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. 7075-T6'n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir 90 derecelik b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle 2\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 istemesinin nedeni budur. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce sesini duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fe g\u00f6re se\u00e7ersiniz; bir tablo 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, malzemenin gerilme kapasitesi bunu gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa sahip oldu\u011funuzda, kal\u0131p sadece bir geometri meselesi haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f lif \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 belirleme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek bir senaryo \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinizde kozmetik y\u00fczeyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalacak 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik var. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve tecr\u00fcbelerinize dayanarak, \u00e7atlak b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istedi\u011finize karar veriyorsunuz. Bundan daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap, y\u00fczey kalitesiyle kumar oynamak demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu 0,125 in\u00e7lik i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Malzemeyi korur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi soru mekanik bir hal al\u0131yor: Hava b\u00fckmede bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Ad\u0131m: Hedef Yar\u0131\u00e7aptan V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcretme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckmede i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, z\u0131mba ucundan ziyade \u00f6ncelikli olarak V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kontrol edilir. Yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 's\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu tersine \u00e7evirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer \u0130Y \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 V ise, o zaman V \u2248 \u0130Y \u00f7 0,16'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsan\u0131z: V \u2248 0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tezgahta 0,781 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131p bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z. En yak\u0131n standart olan\u0131 se\u00e7eceksiniz; muhtemelen 0,750 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,750 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,120 in\u00e7 \u0130Y. 1,000 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,160 in\u00e7 \u0130Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer endi\u015feniz \u00e7atlama ise, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V size pay b\u0131rak\u0131r. E\u011fer flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu darsa ve destek i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kal\u0131ba ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, 0,750 in\u00e7li\u011fi kabul edip y\u00fczeyi dikkatle izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Az \u00f6nce ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131kla ba\u015flamad\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe izin verilen gerinimle ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z, bunu bir hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00f6neten bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcdeki y\u00fck y\u00f6netimidir. Yolun (malzeme) bir y\u00fck derecesi (akma) vard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131), gerilme asla bunu a\u015fmayacak \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CN-HAWE\u2019nin \u00fcr\u00fcn portf\u00f6y\u00fc 100% CNC tabanl\u0131d\u0131r ve lazer kesim, b\u00fckme, kanal a\u00e7ma, kesme gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey senaryolar\u0131 kapsar; burada pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Abkant Pres<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAncak geometri ve kuvvetin de hala s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Belirli bir teknik resmi, malzeme kalitesini veya makine s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fruluyorsan\u0131z, buras\u0131 ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n (mevcut tonaj, tak\u0131m envanteri ve \u015fekillendirme y\u00f6ntemi) birlikte kontrol edilmesi gereken noktad\u0131r. CN-HAWE, tamamen CNC tabanl\u0131 b\u00fckme ve sac metal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini destekler; abkant presler ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 ekipmanlar konusunda Ar-Ge'ye b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapar. Bu da onu tonaj hesaplamalar\u0131, V-kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 fizibilitesini ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in pratik bir ortak haline getirir. Teknik bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme veya fiyat teklifi i\u00e7in CN-HAWE ile burada ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n8:1 oran\u0131: V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden istenen i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n 8 kat\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u201c8:1 oran\u0131\u201dn\u0131n do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funuzda, bu 8 \u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011fildir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0130Y'dir; bu da 'l\u0131k ili\u015fkiyle uyumludur (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 6,25'tir ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, malzeme ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bunu 8'e yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu oran yaln\u0131zca b\u00fckme y\u00f6nteminiz hava b\u00fckme ise ve malzemeniz bu gerinim e\u011frisine yak\u0131n davran\u0131yorsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tabana oturtma veya madeni para basma (coining) y\u00f6ntemi, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve z\u0131mba yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol\u00fc ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ili\u015fkiyi bozar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani 8:1 fikri k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sadece yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fkene ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve yar\u0131\u00e7aptan bir V se\u00e7tikten sonra bile, presleri hayatta tutan \u015fu soruyu hen\u00fcz yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmazs\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z ve makineniz y\u00fcke dayanabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Tonaj ve Tak\u0131m Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
135 ton kapasiteli 10 fitlik bir abkant pres \u00fczerinde, toplamda 150 tonun \u00fczerinde hesaplanan dar bir kal\u0131ba 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plaka i\u015finin \u015fartnameye ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Matematiksel olarak yar\u0131\u00e7ap do\u011fruydu. Makinenin ise umurunda de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 darald\u0131k\u00e7a artar. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsan\u0131z, tonaj gereksinimini neredeyse yar\u0131ya indirirsiniz. Bunun nedeni, daha dar bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuvveti daha k\u0131sa bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 kolu \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131p, ayn\u0131 kamyonu ta\u015f\u0131yan daha k\u0131sa bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden, hedefledi\u011finiz i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap (IR) i\u00e7in bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tikten sonra, o kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n. Bunu \u015funlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Makinenin o uzunluktaki kapasitesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131b\u0131n fit ba\u015f\u0131na nominal tonaj\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Z\u0131mba dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
(Ve e\u011fer kal\u0131p dibine bas\u0131yorsan\u0131z, hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2014 genellikle 2 kat\u0131 veya daha fazla \u2014 art\u0131r\u0131n; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc temas alan\u0131 ve penetrasyon y\u00fck\u00fc zirveye ta\u015f\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201cbiz sadece 0,500, 1,000 ve 2,000 in\u00e7lik kal\u0131plar stokluyoruz\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. Evet, bu \u015fekilde bir\u00e7ok i\u015fi halledebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca sessizce tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlayabilir veya y\u00fcksek mukavemetli par\u00e7alarda \u00e7atlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda gezinebilir ve buna \u201cnormal sapma\u201d diyebilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, durumun ciddiyetini anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 basittir, ancak basite indirgenemez:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Ger\u00e7ek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dayan\u0131labilir bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u00e7aptan geriye do\u011fru hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131 makine ve tak\u0131m limitlerine g\u00f6re do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Bunu yap\u0131n, 8 kat kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu at\u00f6lyenizi y\u00f6netmekten vazge\u00e7sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, bu m\u00fckemmel hesaplanm\u0131\u015f kurulumu hala mahvedebilecek bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama daha var ve bunun mukavemetle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minimum Flan\u015f Tuza\u011f\u0131 ve Geometrik K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlam\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 do\u011fru se\u00e7mi\u015f, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 0,16 \u00d7 V \u00fczerinden hesaplam\u0131\u015f ve tonaj\u0131 makinenizin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde alt\u0131nda tutmu\u015f olsan\u0131z bile, par\u00e7ay\u0131 yine de hurdaya \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin gayet makul bir 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc izledim. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap 0,160 olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tonaj rahatt\u0131. Y\u00fczeyde \u00e7atlama olmad\u0131. Ancak teknik resimde 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f isteniyordu. Her par\u00e7a, sanki abkant presin kendi akl\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f gibi, kenar uzunlu\u011fu k\u0131sa ve a\u00e7\u0131 olarak geni\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yle olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f, kal\u0131p geometrisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok k\u0131sayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar, b\u00fck\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda fiziksel olarak kal\u0131p omzu \u00fczerinde d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde duramad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sac desteklenen bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi davranmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p bir tramplen gibi davranmaya ba\u015flar. Gerinim matemati\u011finiz de\u011fi\u015fmez. Destek ko\u015fulunuz de\u011fi\u015fir. Ve geometri bu kavgay\u0131 her zaman kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, hata noktas\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k de\u011filse, nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar Uzunlu\u011funuz Neden A\u00e7\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00d6nce Hata Verir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba kumpas tutun. Merkez hatt\u0131ndan her bir omuza olan mesafe 0,500 in\u00e7tir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, z\u0131mba a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indik\u00e7e malzeme o omuzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda temas eder. Bu temas alan\u0131 sizin deste\u011finizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi ayn\u0131 kal\u0131pta 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f b\u00fckmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hayal edin. V'nin yar\u0131s\u0131 (0,500 in\u00e7) zaten t\u00fcm kenar\u0131n\u0131zdan daha geni\u015ftir. Kararl\u0131 bir omuz deste\u011fi yoktur. Malzeme, b\u00fck\u00fcm tam olarak olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce V'nin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm g\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015fars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc olan \u015fey geri yaylanma de\u011fil. De\u011fi\u015fen geometridir. Y\u00fck uygulad\u0131k\u00e7a sac, kal\u0131b\u0131n daha derinlerine kayar. B\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131n\u0131z fiilen hareket eder. Tonaj\u0131n\u0131z tamamen sabit olsa bile a\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7\u0131 hatalar\u0131 malzeme sorunlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar genellikle kenar uzunlu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fte 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131n tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer buras\u0131d\u0131r. V kal\u0131b\u0131 akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa g\u00f6re do\u011fru se\u00e7tiniz. G\u00fczel. Ancak kimse flan\u015f\u0131n o V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7inde fiziksel olarak var olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce bunu nas\u0131l anlars\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re minimum flan\u015f\u0131 hesaplamak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte pratik kontrol y\u00f6ntemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in minimum flan\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,7 \u00d7 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 at\u00f6lyeler 0,6 \u00d7 V kullan\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 0,8 \u00d7 V ile i\u015fi sa\u011flama al\u0131r. Ancak 0,6 \u00d7 V'nin alt\u0131ndaysan\u0131z, kumar oynuyorsunuz demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131 ele al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 1,000 = Kararl\u0131 bir destek i\u00e7in 0,700 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu teknik resimdeki 0,375 in\u00e7lik flan\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. 0,375 \u00d7 V seviyesindesiniz. O kenar\u0131n, \u015fekillendirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda omuz \u00fczerinde tam olarak oturma \u015fans\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki operat\u00f6r ne yapt\u0131? 0,625 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ti. Bu, 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme i\u00e7in eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 ihlal ediyor (0,625 \u00f7 0,125 = 5\u00d7). Ama geometrik a\u00e7\u0131dan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 0,625 = 0,437 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k 0,375 in\u00e7lik kenar\u0131n\u0131z hala s\u0131k\u0131, ancak en az\u0131ndan fiziksel destek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin p\u00fcf noktas\u0131 burada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131b\u0131 daraltmak sadece geometriyi d\u00fczeltmedi. Tonaj\u0131 da f\u0131rlatt\u0131. 0,250 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00fczerinde, 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta 10 feet ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ton, 3,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 139 ton \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde y\u00fck iki kattan fazla artar. Ayn\u0131 fizik kurallar\u0131 daha ince saclar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f deste\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zersiniz ve sessizce abkant presi daha fazla y\u00fcklersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler\u201d bu \u015fekilde pahal\u0131 hurdalara veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, pahal\u0131 tak\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f daha da k\u0131saysa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cKayma\u201d Riski: K\u0131sa bir flan\u015f V kal\u0131ba girdi\u011finde ne olur?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f \u00e7ok k\u0131sa oldu\u011funda, sadece deste\u011fini kaybetmekle kalmaz. \u00dcst kal\u0131p (z\u0131mba) sac\u0131 i\u00e7eri itti\u011finde flan\u015f V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine devrilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Omzlardan birinde parlak bir s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme izi g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu kozmetik bir durum de\u011fildir. Bu, sac\u0131n kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ferken d\u00f6nmesidir. B\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7izgisi i\u00e7eri do\u011fru kayar ve hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m uzunlu\u011fundan daha k\u0131sa bir kenar elde etmenize neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k b\u00fck\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (bend deduction) hesab\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fru olsa bile, a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte daha yeni kuvvet modellerinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. SPCC ve 1100-O al\u00fcminyum \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya testleri, ideal olmayan temas ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek b\u00fckme y\u00fcklerinin genellikle tablo de\u011ferlerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kayma, bu ko\u015fullardan biridir. Temiz bir omuz temas\u0131 yerine noktasal y\u00fckleme al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yerel bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. \u0130z olu\u015fumu artar. Kuvvet tahmini ise tamamen ge\u00e7ersiz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden minimum flan\u015f bir \u00f6neri de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir stabilite gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak flan\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n 0,7 \u00d7 V kural\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. Destekleniyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131 tutarl\u0131. \u00d6zellikle tak\u0131m raf\u0131n\u0131zda \u201cverimli\u201d olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sessiz bir geometri sorunu daha var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tekli V vs. \u00c7oklu V Bloklar\u0131: \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ne zaman bir y\u00fck haline gelir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131 severim. Yer tasarrufu sa\u011flarlar. Tek bir tak\u0131mda 0,500'den 0,750'ye ve 1,000'e ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V \u00fczerindeki omuzlar daha dard\u0131r. Biti\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki mesafe daha incedir. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u2014 \u00f6zellikle feet ba\u015f\u0131na 20 tonun \u00fczerinde \u2014 ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip \u00f6zel bir tekli V blo\u011fundan daha fazla esneme yaparlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Esneme, bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki efektif V geni\u015fli\u011finizi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131nda hassasiyet kayb\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 malzemeyi, hafif sac kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in derecelendirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7oklu V blo\u011funun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Uzunluk boyunca, tek par\u00e7a 0,750 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131pta g\u00f6rmeyece\u011finiz bir a\u00e7\u0131 sapmas\u0131 elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc derecelendirme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdesi mikroskobik d\u00fczeyde esner. Bu esneme, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fletir. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap anlam\u0131na gelir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme (springback) demektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla programlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z derinlik art\u0131k hedef a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131za e\u015fit olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00e7ok incedir. Burada bir derece. \u015eurada bir bu\u00e7uk derece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b10,5\u00b0 toleransl\u0131 bir i\u015fte, bu hurda demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00e7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6p oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ancak bu bir at\u00f6lye tecr\u00fcbesidir, evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda gayet iyidirler. Onlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ra zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda geometri kayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, ne zaman esnek olmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek toleransl\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel tekli V kal\u0131plar\u0131na ne zaman yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer teknik resim 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00b10,5\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 talep ediyorsa ve siz fit ba\u015f\u0131na 15\u201320 tonluk bir bask\u0131 uyguluyorsan\u0131z, \u00f6zel kal\u0131b\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt\u0131nda tam k\u00fctle bulunan tek bir 0,875 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7lik V, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda geometriyi daha iyi koruyacakt\u0131r. Daha az esneme. Daha tutarl\u0131 yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir geri esneme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta maliyeti daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak kal\u0131p \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p esnedi\u011fi i\u00e7in son 30 par\u00e7an\u0131n tolerans d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle 200 par\u00e7al\u0131k bir seriyi yeniden \u00fcretmenin maliyeti de ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve kal\u0131p k\u00fctlesi hala yeterli gelmedi\u011finde?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zor B\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Geometriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar sadece mukavemet veya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu konusunda size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermez. Y\u00fczey, geri esneme veya her ikisi konusunda da sizi zorlarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte o zaman standart V kal\u0131plar\u0131 do\u011fru ara\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rulo kal\u0131plar ve \u00fcretan u\u00e7lar: Geometriden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden iz b\u0131rakma sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
F\u0131r\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye sahip kozmetik 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 malzeme, her omuz izini g\u00f6sterecektir. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletebilirsiniz, ancak bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu durumda a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z kaymaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir rulo kal\u0131p, temas ko\u015fulunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Malzeme, sabit bir omuz \u00fczerinde kaymak yerine yuvarlan\u0131r. Daha az s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme. Daha az iz. Daha tutarl\u0131 bir kuvvet e\u011frisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dcretan ek par\u00e7alar y\u00fck\u00fc daha geni\u015f bir y\u00fczeye yayarak, sizi gere\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zorlamadan tepe bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Geometri, hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yar\u0131\u00e7apa daha yak\u0131n kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k sadece a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini de\u011fil, temas mekani\u011fini y\u00f6netiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Farkl\u0131 kald\u0131ra\u00e7. Ayn\u0131 hedef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 V kal\u0131plar: Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 malzemelerde geri esmeyi \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Standart 90\u00b0'lik bir V kal\u0131pta 6\u20138 derece geri esme yapan 0,187 in\u00e7lik 80.000 PSI'l\u0131k bir malzemeyi ele alal\u0131m. Derinlik vererek fazla b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilirsiniz, ancak penetrasyon artar ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tonaj da y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
30\u00b0 veya 60\u00b0'lik dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 bir V kal\u0131p, tam formlama (coining) yapmadan tabana oturtma geometrisini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Kal\u0131p duvarlar\u0131 daha erken devreye girer. Geri esmeyi kaba kuvvetle de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131yla kontrol edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, tonaj artar (ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131n\u0131za dikkat edin), ancak derinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131sal kontrolle takas ediyorsunuz. Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 par\u00e7alarda bu, kararl\u0131 bir 90\u00b0 ile t\u00fcm vardiya boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc tutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak aras\u0131ndaki fark anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu noktada model netle\u015fmi\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 size \u00e7atlamadan ne kadar dar b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilece\u011finizi s\u00f6yledi. Tonaj, makinenin hayatta kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, par\u00e7an\u0131n fiziksel olarak kal\u0131ba oturup oturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Tak\u0131m geometrisi ise o kurulumun y\u00fck alt\u0131nda tolerans\u0131 koruyup korumayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlardan herhangi birini g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, m\u00fckemmel gerinim hesaplamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine pahal\u0131 hurda \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani ger\u00e7ek i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu; gerinim kapasitesi, y\u00fck kapasitesi ve fiziksel destektir; hem de bu s\u0131rayla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lye Karar \u00c7er\u00e7evesi: \u201cA\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan\u201d \u201cGerinim Kontrol\u00fcne\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir oran de\u011fil. \u201c8\u00d7\u201d de\u011fil. 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin pahal\u0131 hurdas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini engellerken, flan\u015f \u00fczerinde \u00b10,5\u00b0 ve \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 tolerans\u0131 koruman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u0131ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte de\u011fi\u015fim burada: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 doldurulacak bir bo\u015fluk gibi se\u00e7meyi b\u0131rak\u0131n. Onu bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fck de\u011ferini belirliyormu\u015fsunuz gibi se\u00e7meye ba\u015flay\u0131n. Sac, yoldur. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fckt\u00fcr. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z bir \u015feyler \u00e7atlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z yol sarkar; yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcr, geri esme artar, a\u00e7\u0131lar sapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle karar s\u00fcreci yaln\u0131zca tek bir y\u00f6nde ilerler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u0130zin verilen gerinimi tan\u0131mlay\u0131n (malzemeden ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aptan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcretecek bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131, makine ve kal\u0131p de\u011ferine g\u00f6re kontrol edin (toplam tonaj de\u011fil, ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n (\u2265 0,7 \u00d7 V).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tolerans\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r bir tekli-V veya \u00f6zel bir kal\u0131p gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011fine karar verin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131ralama budur. Bunu bozarsan\u0131z kumara geri d\u00f6nersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden oradan ba\u015fl\u0131yorsunuz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc metal sizin genel kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 umursamaz. Gerilime tepki verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce Malzeme\u201d Kontrol Listesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce malzeme\u201d demek \u201c\u00f6nce kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d demek de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bana 0,187 in\u00e7 A36 ve 0,187 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik verirseniz ve \u201cher zaman kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu\u201d diyerek ayn\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik V'yi kullanmam\u0131 s\u00f6ylerseniz, bu par\u00e7alardan birinin risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu zaten bilirim. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Farkl\u0131 gerinim kapasitesi. Farkl\u0131 geri esneme. Ayak ba\u015f\u0131na farkl\u0131 tonaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir; 36.000\u201360.000 PSI yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte s\u0131k\u0131 toleranslar pe\u015finde ko\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece 8\u00d7 gayet iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tuzak, bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n 70.000\u201390.000 PSI paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe veya a\u015f\u0131nmaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 plakaya aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden kontrol listesi \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Ger\u00e7ek malzeme spesifikasyonu (\u201cpaslanmaz\u201d de\u011fil \u2014 304 m\u00fc? 301 yar\u0131 sert mi?)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f (nominal de\u011fil; 0,125 olarak sat\u0131lan 0,120 in\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bask\u0131daki hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gerekli a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a \u00fczerindeki minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu olmadan, tak\u0131m se\u00e7imine bir gerinim sorunu yerine katalog sorunuymu\u015f gibi bakars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m dolab\u0131na dokunmadan \u00f6nce do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gereken temel veri noktalar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Somutla\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki bask\u0131da 0,125 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, 90\u00b0, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap maksimum 0,125 in\u00e7, \u00b10,5\u00b0, flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu 0,750 in\u00e7 isteniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birinci ad\u0131m: Hava b\u00fckmede yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7elik i\u00e7in i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,16 \u00d7 V de\u011ferinde seyreder. Yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En yak\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131p 0,750 veya 0,875'tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi gerinim ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini kontrol edelim. 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, bir\u00e7ok temper de\u011ferinde \u00e7atlama yapmadan kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 kadar i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tolere edebilir. 0,125 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta 0,125 in\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, 1T (kal\u0131nl\u0131k) de\u011ferindedir. G\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgedeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi tonaj. Daha dar bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fit ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen tonaj\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer o 0,750 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 beni bu malzeme \u00fczerinde fit ba\u015f\u0131na 18\u201320 tonun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa (tablonuzu kontrol edin), kal\u0131b\u0131n ve abkant presin buna uygun oldu\u011funu do\u011frulasam iyi olur. Birinin fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmezden gelip sadece toplam tonaja bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u015finde hafif bir \u00e7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 mantar gibi ezdi\u011fine \u015fahit oldum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu. 0,7 \u00d7 0,750 = 0,525 in\u00e7 minimum. Teknik resim 0,750 in\u00e7 istiyor. Destekleniyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi \u2014 ve ancak \u015fimdi \u2014 dolab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine dikkat edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asla \u201ckal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 8 kat\u0131\u201d demedik. \u201cBu malzeme hangi gerinime dayanabilir ve hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gerinimi \u00fcretir?\u201d dedik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kontrol budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yayg\u0131n Kal\u0131p Kaynakl\u0131 Ar\u0131zalar\u0131n Giderilmesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r \u00f6nce derinli\u011fi veya geri esneme telafisini su\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bazen yan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlama, iz yapma veya tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131p kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Paslanmaz \u00e7elikte b\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131nda \u00e7atlama m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer \u201cdaha g\u00fcvenli hissettirdi\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tiyseniz, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z 0,160 in\u00e7 civar\u0131nda seyreder. Bu, \u00e7atlama riskini azalt\u0131r, evet \u2014 ancak geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden 90 dereceyi yakalamak i\u00e7in daha derine inersiniz. Daha derin inmek, daha fazla penetrasyon, omuzlarda daha fazla temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve bazen yerel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerinim anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlak, \u00e7ok dar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in olu\u015fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim yolunun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011finiz i\u00e7in olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00fczeyli 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 al\u00fcminyumda a\u011f\u0131r omuz izleri mi var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba kalitesini su\u00e7lamadan \u00f6nce, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorun. Dar V, daha y\u00fcksek temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 demektir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek izleri azalt\u0131r ancak yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. E\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131 darsa, bu \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim parti genelinde tutars\u0131zl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzun bir par\u00e7ada soldan sa\u011fa tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n tonaj de\u011ferinin \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131nsan\u0131z, g\u00f6vde esner. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k merkezde etkili bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fler. Merkezdeki daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme ve daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir a\u00e7\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir derinlik sorunu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (span) sehimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu belirtiyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kendinize \u015fu soruyu sorun: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemeyi tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir gerinim veya y\u00fck ko\u015fuluna m\u0131 zorluyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cevap evet ise, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla strok de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zihinsel De\u011fi\u015fim: Sadece Metal B\u00fckmek De\u011fil, Malzeme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00f6netmek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Siz sac katlam\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde kalarak, iki omuz aras\u0131ndaki malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir bo\u015fluk sorunu de\u011fil, bir kontrol sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden tutarl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar katalog taramak yerine hesaplamalarla ba\u015flar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Katalog mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle der: 0,125 in\u00e7 malzeme \u2192 1,000 in\u00e7 V \u2192 tamamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle der: Hangi yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiyac\u0131m var? Hangi V bunu \u00fcretir? Bu, fit ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 ton gerektirir? Kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdem bunu sehim yapmadan ta\u015f\u0131yabilir mi? Flan\u015f fiziksel olarak 0,7 \u00d7 V veya daha fazlas\u0131nda stabil bir \u015fekilde duruyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u0131ra, b\u00fckme i\u015flemini al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131ktan m\u00fchendisli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fleri bir y\u0131l boyunca bu \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde bir \u015feyler de\u011fi\u015fir. \u201cGenellikle hangi V'yi kullan\u0131r\u0131z?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, \u201cHangi gerinimi yarat\u0131yorum?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130leriye ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metal sizin kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmez. Sadece ona uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z stresi bilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinimi kontrol edin; tonaj, a\u00e7\u0131, tolerans ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc gibi geriye kalan her \u015fey bunun ard\u0131ndan kendili\u011finden d\u00fczene girecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lgili Kaynaklar ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kesim Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Giyotin Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Panel B\u00fckme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kaynak Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Sac Yuvarlama Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, V Kanal A\u00e7ma Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 materyal isteyen okuyucular i\u00e7in, Bro\u015f\u00fcrler<\/a> yararl\u0131 bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kaynakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Demir \u0130\u015fleme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V-kal\u0131pta d\u0131\u015f yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndan tam ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Ayn\u0131 kurulumla t\u00fcm sabah boyunca hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 arka dayama ve ayn\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bir malzeme temiz bir \u015fekilde b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcrken, di\u011feri pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. E\u011fer bu kural sa\u011flam olsayd\u0131, neden [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1354,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions\/1354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDar bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gerekli b\u00fckme kuvvetini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta \u015fudur: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde tonaj, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirirseniz, gerekli tonaj kabaca iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar (y\u00f6ntem fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve malzeme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc sabitken). Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu, hidrolik sistemin inlemesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,250 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik b\u00fck\u00fcyorsunuz ve 10 feet boyunca 60 tondas\u0131n\u0131z. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmek i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ferseniz, 120 tonla fl\u00f6rt ediyorsunuz demektir (denemeden \u00f6nce tablonuzu kontrol edin). 100 tonluk bir makinede bu bir teori de\u011fildir. Bu, hatal\u0131 bir kurulumdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, zaten akmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla kuvvete ihtiya\u00e7 duyan y\u00fcksek mukavemetli bir malzeme ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Dar kal\u0131b\u0131 korursan\u0131z, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck V kal\u0131b\u0131ndan gelen y\u00fcksek tonaj talebinin \u00fczerine daha y\u00fcksek akma gerilimini de eklemi\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Makine, genel kurallar\u0131 umursamaz. O, kuvvete bakar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmak yerine kal\u0131b\u0131 ne zaman geni\u015fletmeli<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, yetersiz boyuttaki bir kal\u0131pta paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131 yakalamak i\u00e7in bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131 tutuyor. Par\u00e7a iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak kaplamadan sonra veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc sahada mikro \u00e7atlaklar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tonaj tablonuzun \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve malzeme size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6steriyorsa, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm genellikle daha fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletin. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir do\u011fal i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kabul edin. Flan\u015f boyutlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yeniden hesaplay\u0131n. Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunun sonunda, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeden 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015fma konusunda kendinizi huzursuz hissetmelisiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fczel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ezberlenecek bir kural de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O, m\u00fchendislik gerektiren bir y\u00fck karar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Fizi\u011fi: Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve Geri Esnemeyi Kontrol Etmek<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir sac\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 kal\u0131pta (0,750 in\u00e7 V, 1,000 in\u00e7 V ve 1,500 in\u00e7 V) b\u00fck\u00fclmesini izledim; ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 abkant pres, ayn\u0131 operat\u00f6r. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap o kadar de\u011fi\u015fti ki par\u00e7a ayn\u0131 mastar blo\u011funa iki kez uymad\u0131. Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Sadece V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00fcvenilir de\u011filse, kal\u0131b\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l se\u00e7ersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131b\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ctutucu\u201d de\u011fildir. Bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durur ve z\u0131mba ortay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru zorlar. Bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fi, malzemenin 90 dereceye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne kadar sert b\u00fck\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini belirler. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz e\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. E\u011frili\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirirseniz d\u0131\u015f lif gerinimini, tonaj\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirirsiniz. Bu bir fikir de\u011fil. Bu mekaniktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bunu g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, \u201cKural nedir?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p \u201cBu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k hangi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V-Geni\u015fli\u011fi \u201cDo\u011fal\u201d Y\u00fczen Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirler?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fi ele alal\u0131m. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde, z\u0131mba ucunuz keskin oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in 0,031 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde etmezsiniz. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz. Malzeme, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u201cy\u00fczer\u201d ve kendi e\u011frisine yerle\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu e\u011fri rastgele de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzeme, o omuzlar\u0131n birbirinden ne kadar uzak oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fal bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturur. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha dar V, daha s\u0131k\u0131 do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa \u201cuymas\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in se\u00e7miyorsunuz. Bir kal\u0131b\u0131, fark\u0131nda olsan\u0131z da olmasan\u0131z da belirli bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in se\u00e7iyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu da \u015fu anlama gelir: E\u011fer teknik resminiz 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzemede 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsa, i\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131ktan ba\u015flamazs\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe, o yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 y\u00fczd\u00fcrecek V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geriye do\u011fru hesaplayarak ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ili\u015fki nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
15-20% kural\u0131: Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tahmin etme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,500 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kadar olan yumu\u015fak \u00e7eliklerde, haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmdeki i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabaca ila 'sidir. Bir\u00e7ok tablo bunu 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip malzeme i\u00e7in R \u2248 V \u00f7 8 \u015feklinde basitle\u015ftirir. Eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu buradan gelmektedir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 8'e b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak ger\u00e7ekte ne oldu\u011funa dikkat edin. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00f6ncelikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir fonksiyonudur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131k ise arka planda etkili olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 85.000\u201395.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe ge\u00e7elim. Yine 1,000 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanal\u0131m. Genellikle yumu\u015fak \u00e7eli\u011fe g\u00f6re biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc daha y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, daha dar bir kavis olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Y\u00fczde de\u011fi\u015fir. Temper durumuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki V \u00f7 7,5 veya V \u00f7 7'ye daha yak\u0131n davran\u0131r. Bu matemati\u011fin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bu, malzemenin kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin anahtar\u0131 \u015fudur: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde, do\u011frudan i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlersiniz. Malzemeniz \u00e7atlamay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in 1\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta bir minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap gerektiriyorsa, en az bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcreten bir V se\u00e7ersiniz. Bir tablo \u00f6yle dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil; malzemenizin dayanabilece\u011fi yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 serbest b\u0131rakan bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, ayar sayfas\u0131ndaki her \u015feyi tersine \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2014z\u0131mba de\u011fil\u2014 haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol eder<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Operat\u00f6rlerin, 2,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oturtulmu\u015f 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plakaya 0,062 in\u00e7lik bir z\u0131mba ucunun dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u201czorla\u201d kabul ettirece\u011fi konusunda \u0131srar ettiklerine \u015fahit oldum. Ettiremez. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcmde bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba malzemeye tepe noktas\u0131ndan temas eder, ancak sac kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131nda desteklenir. Siz tabana oturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya ezme (coining) yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece, z\u0131mba ucu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 nihai i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap i\u00e7in neredeyse \u00f6nemsizdir. Malzeme ask\u0131dad\u0131r. Burun k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u015fekillenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece keskin bir z\u0131mbadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir buruna ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilir ve i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apta neredeyse hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6remezsiniz. Bunu 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finde denedim. Penetrasyon derinli\u011fi nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131 biraz de\u011fi\u015fti. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap ise etkilenmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden biri \u201cDaha dar bir z\u0131mbaya ihtiyac\u0131m var\u201d dedi\u011finde, genellikle \u201cYanl\u0131\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7tim\u201d demek istiyordur.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve e\u011fer yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirliyorsa, ba\u015fka neleri sessizce de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p Geni\u015fli\u011fi ve Geri Yaylanma Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fi 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde 90 derece b\u00fck\u00fcn. Geri yaylanmadan sonra 90 derecede kalabilmek i\u00e7in 83 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekebilir. Ayn\u0131 sac\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7ine koyun, \u015fimdi belki 80 dereceye kadar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckmeniz gerekecektir. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Ayn\u0131 malzeme. Farkl\u0131 kal\u0131p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc geri yaylanma elastik geri kazan\u0131m demektir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckse, plastik gerinim o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesinde depolanan elastik enerji y\u00fczdesi o kadar y\u00fcksektir. Daha geni\u015f V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2192 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck serbest yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u2192 elastik olana k\u0131yasla daha az plastik deformasyon \u2192 daha fazla geri yaylanma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015fu budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden daha geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar baz\u0131 malzemelerde geri yaylanmay\u0131 asl\u0131nda art\u0131rabilir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek mukavemetli \u00e7eliklerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin 100.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme) bu etki daha belirgin hale gelir. Malzeme zaten y\u00fcksek bir akma noktas\u0131na ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir elastik aral\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. \u0130\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in onu geni\u015f bir V'ye, belki 1,500 veya 1,750 in\u00e7lik bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa koydu\u011funuzda, plastik gerinimi daha da azaltm\u0131\u015f olursunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 mu? 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcmde 4\u20136 derecelik bir geri yaylanma g\u00f6rebilirsiniz (tonaj tablonuza dikkat edin). Operat\u00f6rler pani\u011fe kap\u0131l\u0131r ve bas\u0131nc\u0131 art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Sadece z\u0131mbay\u0131 daha derine iter ve tabana oturmaya (bottoming) yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As\u0131l kald\u0131ra\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha geni\u015f kal\u0131p, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 art\u0131rarak \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. Ancak makineniz, tak\u0131m hizalaman\u0131z veya malzeme partiniz tutarl\u0131 de\u011filse, sizi daha fazla a\u00e7\u0131sal sapma ile cezaland\u0131rabilir. Bu, dar kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ip flan\u015flar\u0131 \u00e7atlatmak i\u00e7in bir neden de\u011fildir. Bu, se\u00e7ti\u011finiz dengeyi anlaman\u0131z i\u00e7in bir nedendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki bunu nas\u0131l dengelersiniz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yar\u0131\u00e7ap kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131sal tutarl\u0131l\u0131kla dengelemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve uzamaya dayal\u0131 olarak malzemenin minimum g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ile ba\u015flay\u0131n. E\u011fer 0,125 in\u00e7lik y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik, tehlike b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorsa, bunu destekleyen bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in; at\u00f6lyenizin ampirik oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak belki 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan iki k\u0131s\u0131tlamay\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birincisi: tonaj. Daha dar V, daha y\u00fcksek kuvvet anlam\u0131na gelir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede tonaj, kabaca V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde gereken kuvveti neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bunu 100.000 PSI'l\u0131k malzeme \u00fczerine ekledi\u011finizde h\u0131zla makine s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130kincisi: geometri. Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, 90 derecelik bir b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,67 ile 0,77 kat\u0131d\u0131r. 1,500 in\u00e7lik bir V se\u00e7erseniz, sadece kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,000 in\u00e7lik d\u00fcz bir baca\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir. E\u011fer teknik resminiz size sadece 0,750 in\u00e7 veriyorsa, o kal\u0131p fiziksel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama problemini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcyorsunuz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Malzeme minimum bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap talep ediyor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj tablosu maksimum kuvveti s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a geometrisi maksimum V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi budur. 8 kat et kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede do\u011fal yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri yaylanma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etti\u011fini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, bir sonraki rahats\u0131z edici soruyu sormaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z demektir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma (bottoming) veya ezme (coining) y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme Y\u00f6nteminiz Kal\u0131p Gereksinimlerini Nas\u0131l Yeniden Tan\u0131mlar?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p tabana oturtma veya ezme y\u00f6ntemine ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde mekanik olarak ne de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mesine izin vermeyi b\u0131rak\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fckmede sac, kal\u0131p omuzlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi as\u0131l\u0131 durur ve z\u0131mba, plastik deformasyon elastik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 yenene kadar onu bir e\u011fri i\u00e7ine iter. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini belirler. Malzeme, bu geometri dahilinde istedi\u011fi yerde akar. Geri yaylanma tahmin edilebilirdir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sac\u0131 asla tam olarak hapsetmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabana oturtma ve ezme farkl\u0131 \u015feylerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar, kal\u0131b\u0131 bir destek olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir kal\u0131ba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve kal\u0131p bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm kal\u0131b\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yanl\u0131\u015f V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 size sadece yanl\u0131\u015f bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap vermekle kalmaz; ayn\u0131 zamanda kuvveti, gerilimi ve maliyetli hurday\u0131 katlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada B\u00fckme: Bir Kal\u0131p De\u011fil, Bir Destek Olarak Alt Kal\u0131p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckmede z\u0131mba, sac\u0131 asla alt kal\u0131b\u0131n duvarlar\u0131na ve taban\u0131na tam temas edecek \u015fekilde itmez. \u00dc\u00e7 temas noktas\u0131. Hepsi bu kadar. \u0130ki omuz ve z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sac, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fine ve malzemenin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201cy\u00fczd\u00fcrmekte\u201d serbesttir. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap olu\u015fturabilirken, 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte farkl\u0131 davran\u0131r. Alt kal\u0131p \u015fekli zorunlu k\u0131lmaz, sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi hapsediyor de\u011fil, y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, havada b\u00fckmenin ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir dizi V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tolere edebilmesinin nedenidir. 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 sac\u0131 1,000 in\u00e7lik veya 1,250 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fckebilir ve geri esnemeyi (springback) ve flan\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti\u011finiz s\u00fcrece i\u015fi yine de ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilirsiniz. Tonaj de\u011fi\u015fir (tablonuzu kontrol edin), yar\u0131\u00e7ap de\u011fi\u015fir, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fckme miktar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fir; ancak sac geometriye zorlanarak ezilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt kal\u0131p bir destektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve destekler e\u011frili\u011fi dikte etmez; sadece s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde olmas\u0131na izin verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme neden daha geni\u015f bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin verir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi asla alt kal\u0131ba tam olarak oturtmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler y\u00fczd\u00fcr\u00fclen yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, orant\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kayd\u0131r\u0131r. V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde tonaj\u0131 neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Geni\u015fletti\u011finizde ise geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Ancak malzeme yine de elastik ve plastik gerinim aras\u0131nda kendi dengesini bulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayarlanabilirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fckme derinli\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131 d\u00fczeltmesi veya malzeme testleri ile telafi edebilirsiniz. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biraz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutsan\u0131z bile, sac sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde \u00fct\u00fclenmez. Daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj g\u00f6rebilirsiniz, ancak malzemeyi otomatik olarak gerinim s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine zorlamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden malzeme partinizin akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 5.000 PSI de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde havada b\u00fckme ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 hissettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sistemin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015fik bir esneklik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ve hassasiyet aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fcksek sesle s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131m buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, bu esneklik kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir miktar a\u00e7\u0131sal hassasiyetten \u00f6d\u00fcn verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geri esneme telafisine g\u00fcvendi\u011finiz i\u00e7in, nihai a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z tutarl\u0131 malzeme \u00f6zelliklerine, tutarl\u0131 b\u00fckme derinli\u011fine ve birka\u00e7 binde bir hassasiyetle tekrarlama yapabilen bir prese ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 0,090 in\u00e7lik 7075-T6 malzemeden yap\u0131lan s\u0131k toleransl\u0131 bir havac\u0131l\u0131k braketinde bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlik h\u0131zla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bunu kontrol alt\u0131nda tutabilirsiniz. Ancak y\u00f6netmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada tabana oturtma (bottoming) ve darbe ile b\u00fckme (coining) cazip g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onlar a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201csabitlemeyi\u201d vaat ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sorun, bu kilitlemenin maliyetinin ne oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe Oturtma ve Ezerek \u015eekillendirme (Coining): Bu Y\u00f6ntemler Neden Yanl\u0131\u015f V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Cezaland\u0131r\u0131r?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma, di\u011fer her \u015feyden daha \u00f6nemli olan bir \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemeyi kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na temas edene kadar kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funa s\u00fcrersiniz ve ard\u0131ndan ilk temastan sonra daha da ileri itersiniz; bu genellikle geri esnemeyi azaltmak i\u00e7in b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini \u201315 oran\u0131nda daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Art\u0131k sac, omuzlar aras\u0131nda havada as\u0131l\u0131 de\u011fildir. Geometrinin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Onu zorluyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve metali zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, tonaj g\u00f6stergesi do\u011fruyu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l kilitler ancak tak\u0131m stresini nas\u0131l katlar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131nda 0,125 in\u00e7lik yumu\u015fak \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 1\u20132 ton g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 kurulumu dibe oturtursan\u0131z, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bu y\u00fck\u00fc kolayca ikiye veya \u00fc\u00e7e katlayabilirsiniz. Abkant pres art\u0131k sizin pratik kural tablonuzu umursamaz. O, temas alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131na uydu\u011funuzu ve malzemenin minimum i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar bir V se\u00e7ti\u011finizi hayal edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu, daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap ve daha y\u00fcksek tonaj olarak kendini g\u00f6sterebilirdi; yani bir uyar\u0131. Dibe oturtmada ise, b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini malzemenin tolere edebilece\u011finden daha keskin olabilecek bir kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na eziyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 \u201ckilitlemek\u201d i\u00e7in uygulanan ekstra \u201315'lik penetrasyon, i\u00e7 y\u00fczeydeki basma gerilimini ve n\u00f6tr eksenin hemen d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ekme gerinimini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte flan\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve tak\u0131m \u00fcreticilerinin dibe oturtmay\u0131 \u00f6nermelerinin bir nedeni var. Malzemeyi y\u00fcksek tonaj alt\u0131nda sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f kal\u0131plara tam olarak oturttu\u011funuzda, V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 veya malzeme s\u00fcnekli\u011findeki herhangi bir uyumsuzluk do\u011frudan tak\u0131m a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na, s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeye veya omuzlar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda durumun ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc oldu\u011funu anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dibe oturtma geri esnemeyi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda yan\u0131lma pay\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme (coining) neden 8x kural\u0131n\u0131 tamamen g\u00f6rmezden gelir ve \u00f6zel geometri gerektirir?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek \u015fekillendirme, dibe oturtman\u0131n biraz daha fazlas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu farkl\u0131 bir rejimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba ucunu, t\u00fcm b\u00fck\u00fcm b\u00f6lgesini kal\u0131nl\u0131k boyunca plastik olarak deforme edecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kuvvetle (hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcndeki 1\u20132 tona k\u0131yasla genellikle in\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na 50 ton veya daha fazla) malzemeye s\u00fcrersiniz. Sadece b\u00fckm\u00fcyorsunuz. \u00dct\u00fcl\u00fcyorsunuz. Z\u0131mba burun yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap haline gelir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc malzemeyi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 basma gerilimi alt\u0131nda yerinden oynat\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O b\u00f6lgedeki her noktada akma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in geri esneme neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalkar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya 8\u00d7 kural\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Burada anlams\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmede (coining), V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemenin k\u0131r\u0131lmadan veya tak\u0131mlara zarar vermeden akabilmesi i\u00e7in z\u0131mba geometrisi ve malzeme mukavemeti ile e\u015fle\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00c7ok dar olursa tonaj makine kapasitesinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7ok geni\u015f olursa destek kaybedilir, a\u00e7\u0131 bozulur veya par\u00e7a \u00fczerinde iz olu\u015fur. Tak\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fcke dayanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in geometri se\u00e7enekleri daral\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ezerek b\u00fckmenin modern at\u00f6lyelerde nadir olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. \u0130\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil \u2014kesinlikle i\u015fe yarar\u2014 ancak \u00f6zel tak\u0131mlar, rijit makineler ve disiplinli bir kurulum gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in. Burada V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f se\u00e7erseniz sadece a\u00e7\u0131 kaymas\u0131 g\u00f6rmezsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Presten gelen keskin bir ses, tonaj g\u00f6stergesinde bir ani y\u00fckseli\u015f ve bazen kurulumunuzu pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren k\u0131r\u0131k bir z\u0131mba ucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Havada b\u00fckme, malzemenin kendi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bulmas\u0131na izin verir. Tabana oturtma ve ezerek b\u00fckme ise bir rady\u00fcs dayat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu fark\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar ve ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 boyutland\u0131rmak gibi bir y\u00fck y\u00f6netimi karar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yleyse, b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi rady\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu ve kuvvetin tak\u0131mlar i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l akt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, bunu her seferinde do\u011fru V'yi se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in tekrarlanabilir bir yola nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Malzemeleri \u0130\u00e7in Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Se\u00e7im Y\u00f6ntemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz bir braketin, kurulum ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131nda \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V i\u00e7inde d\u0131\u015f rady\u00fcs\u00fcnden boydan boya \u00e7atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Operat\u00f6r yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131. Kural, o y\u00fck i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer b\u00fckme y\u00f6ntemi kuvvetin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyorsa, V se\u00e7imi kal\u0131nl\u0131kla de\u011fil, malzemenin y\u00fck de\u011feriyle, yani akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte at\u00f6lyede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m, beni 7075-T6 ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli plakalarda pahal\u0131 hurda yapmaktan kurtaran i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 1: Akma Mukavemetini ve Do\u011fru \u00c7arpan\u0131 Belirleyin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sertifikay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f emrindeki genel \u201cpaslanmaz\u201d ibaresini de\u011fil. De\u011firmen test raporundaki ger\u00e7ek akma mukavemetini. A36, 36.000 PSI akma g\u00f6sterebilir. So\u011fuk \u00e7ekilmi\u015f 1018, 50.000\u201360.000 PSI civar\u0131nda olabilir. 304 paslanmaz genellikle 30.000\u201345.000 PSI akma mukavemetine sahiptir ancak h\u0131zla sertle\u015fir. 7075-T6 al\u00fcminyum 73.000 PSI akma civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. HSLA kaliteleri bunun \u00e7ok \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma mukavemeti, d\u0131\u015f liflerin plastik olarak esnemeden \u00f6nce ne kadar gerilime dayanabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Rady\u00fcs ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilimi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. \u00c7atlama mekanizmas\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lyelerde dola\u015fan o \u201cal\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6\u00d7, paslanmaz i\u00e7in 10\u00d7\u201d \u00e7arpanlar\u0131 m\u0131? Bunlar, akma mukavemetinin hayatta kalabilir gerilime kaba bir \u015fekilde \u00e7evrilmi\u015f halidir. Ancak al\u00fcminyum tek bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. 5052-H32 harika b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr. 7075-T6 ise ters bakarsan\u0131z k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Tamamen farkl\u0131 gerilim tolerans\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7arpan\u0131, malzeme ad\u0131na de\u011fil, akma aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tahmini olarak ele al\u0131yorum. 40.000 PSI akman\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u0131? Genellikle daha dar oranlarla ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. 60.000 PSI civar\u0131nda m\u0131? Klasik yap\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00f6lgesindesiniz. 70.000 PSI \u00fczerinde mi? D\u0131\u015f lifleri korumak i\u00e7in kal\u0131plar\u0131 h\u0131zla geni\u015fletmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer akma mukavemetiyle ba\u015flamazsan\u0131z, gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorsunuz demektir. Ve gerilim hakk\u0131nda tahmin y\u00fcr\u00fctmek, flan\u015flar\u0131n yar\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Al\u00fcminyum i\u00e7in 6x, paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u00e7in 10x-12x ve y\u00fcksek mukavemetli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik (HSLA) i\u00e7in 12x+ kullanarak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bunun pratikte nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinde 0,125 in\u00e7lik 5052-H32 al\u00fcminyum oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 28.000\u201333.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu malzeme daha dar yar\u0131\u00e7aplara tolerans g\u00f6sterir, bu nedenle hava b\u00fckmede 6\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir V (0,750 in\u00e7) genellikle iyi sonu\u00e7 verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin; akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 belki 35.000\u201345.000 PSI civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ancak agresif bir i\u015f sertle\u015fmesi \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. E\u011fer \u201cal\u00fcminyumda i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u201d diyerek 0,750 in\u00e7te \u0131srar ederseniz, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z daral\u0131r, d\u0131\u015f gerilme artar ve cilal\u0131 par\u00e7alarda mikro \u00e7atlaklar g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. 1,250 in\u00e7 veya 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131na ge\u00e7erseniz malzeme rahatlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
80.000 PSI akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahip 0,125 in\u00e7lik HSLA'y\u0131 ele alal\u0131m. E\u011fer raf sistemi ikili d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in onu 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131b\u0131na zorlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, gerilmeyi malzemenin kesinlikle dayanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir yar\u0131\u00e7apa yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsunuz demektir. Bu bir kal\u0131nl\u0131k sorunu de\u011fildir. Bu bir akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011finizde, bir sonraki soru kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O malzeme y\u0131rt\u0131lmadan hangi i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa dayanabilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Hedef \u0130\u00e7 Yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) Hesaplay\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011finin g\u00fcn boyu 0,187 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ayn\u0131 numaray\u0131 0,187 in\u00e7lik 4140 \u00f6n sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elikle denerseniz, yerdeki par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrmek zorunda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyi esner. Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap ne kadar dar olursa, d\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mdaki \u00e7ekme gerilmesi o kadar y\u00fcksek olur. Bu gerilme, malzemenin akma noktas\u0131ndaki uzama kapasitesini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7atlama meydana gelir. Fizik budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme i\u00e7in, 60.000 PSI \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 civar\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok \u00e7elik i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir kural, malzeme kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak e\u015fit bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apt\u0131r. Eski \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131n yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte bazen i\u015fe yaramas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 8\u00d7 V kal\u0131b\u0131nda hava b\u00fckme, genellikle kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 civar\u0131nda bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap \u00fcretme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ili\u015fki de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Daha y\u00fcksek mukavemetli malzemeler, d\u0131\u015f lif gerilmesini k\u0131r\u0131lma s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa oranla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aplara ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. 7075-T6'n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir 90 derecelik b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in genellikle 2\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k veya daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 istemesinin nedeni budur. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce sesini duyars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 (IR) akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve s\u00fcnekli\u011fe g\u00f6re se\u00e7ersiniz; bir tablo 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k dedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de\u011fil, malzemenin gerilme kapasitesi bunu gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa sahip oldu\u011funuzda, kal\u0131p sadece bir geometri meselesi haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0131\u015f lif \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 belirleme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek bir senaryo \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Elinizde kozmetik y\u00fczeyi d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kalacak 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik var. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na ve tecr\u00fcbelerinize dayanarak, \u00e7atlak b\u00f6lgesinden uzak durmak i\u00e7in en az 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istedi\u011finize karar veriyorsunuz. Bundan daha dar bir yar\u0131\u00e7ap, y\u00fczey kalitesiyle kumar oynamak demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu 0,125 in\u00e7lik i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Malzemeyi korur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi soru mekanik bir hal al\u0131yor: Hava b\u00fckmede bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3. Ad\u0131m: Hedef Yar\u0131\u00e7aptan V-A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcretme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckmede i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, z\u0131mba ucundan ziyade \u00f6ncelikli olarak V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kontrol edilir. Yayg\u0131n bir yakla\u015f\u0131m, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 's\u0131na e\u015fit oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunu tersine \u00e7evirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer \u0130Y \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 V ise, o zaman V \u2248 \u0130Y \u00f7 0,16'd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsan\u0131z: V \u2248 0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tezgahta 0,781 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131p bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z. En yak\u0131n standart olan\u0131 se\u00e7eceksiniz; muhtemelen 0,750 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,750 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,120 in\u00e7 \u0130Y. 1,000 \u00d7 0,16 \u2248 0,160 in\u00e7 \u0130Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer endi\u015feniz \u00e7atlama ise, 1,000 in\u00e7lik V size pay b\u0131rak\u0131r. E\u011fer flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu darsa ve destek i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kal\u0131ba ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, 0,750 in\u00e7li\u011fi kabul edip y\u00fczeyi dikkatle izleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Az \u00f6nce ne oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fe kal\u0131nl\u0131kla ba\u015flamad\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130\u015fe izin verilen gerinimle ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z, bunu bir hedef yar\u0131\u00e7apa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcn\u00fcz ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fck\u00fc y\u00f6neten bir V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcdeki y\u00fck y\u00f6netimidir. Yolun (malzeme) bir y\u00fck derecesi (akma) vard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131), gerilme asla bunu a\u015fmayacak \u015fekilde boyutland\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
CN-HAWE\u2019nin \u00fcr\u00fcn portf\u00f6y\u00fc 100% CNC tabanl\u0131d\u0131r ve lazer kesim, b\u00fckme, kanal a\u00e7ma, kesme gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey senaryolar\u0131 kapsar; burada pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Abkant Pres<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak geometri ve kuvvetin de hala s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Belirli bir teknik resmi, malzeme kalitesini veya makine s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fruluyorsan\u0131z, buras\u0131 ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n (mevcut tonaj, tak\u0131m envanteri ve \u015fekillendirme y\u00f6ntemi) birlikte kontrol edilmesi gereken noktad\u0131r. CN-HAWE, tamamen CNC tabanl\u0131 b\u00fckme ve sac metal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini destekler; abkant presler ve ak\u0131ll\u0131 ekipmanlar konusunda Ar-Ge'ye b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yapar. Bu da onu tonaj hesaplamalar\u0131, V-kal\u0131p se\u00e7imi ve s\u00fcre\u00e7 fizibilitesini ger\u00e7ek \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in pratik bir ortak haline getirir. Teknik bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme veya fiyat teklifi i\u00e7in CN-HAWE ile burada ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
8:1 oran\u0131: V-a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden istenen i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n 8 kat\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u201c8:1 oran\u0131\u201dn\u0131n do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu\u011funuzda, bu 8 \u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k de\u011fildir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0130Y'dir; bu da 'l\u0131k ili\u015fkiyle uyumludur (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 6,25'tir ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, malzeme ve penetrasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bunu 8'e yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu oran yaln\u0131zca b\u00fckme y\u00f6nteminiz hava b\u00fckme ise ve malzemeniz bu gerinim e\u011frisine yak\u0131n davran\u0131yorsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tabana oturtma veya madeni para basma (coining) y\u00f6ntemi, kal\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve z\u0131mba yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol\u00fc ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu ili\u015fkiyi bozar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani 8:1 fikri k\u00f6t\u00fc de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sadece yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fkene ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve yar\u0131\u00e7aptan bir V se\u00e7tikten sonra bile, presleri hayatta tutan \u015fu soruyu hen\u00fcz yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f say\u0131lmazs\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z ve makineniz y\u00fcke dayanabilir mi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131m 4: Tonaj ve Tak\u0131m Kontrol\u00fc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
135 ton kapasiteli 10 fitlik bir abkant pres \u00fczerinde, toplamda 150 tonun \u00fczerinde hesaplanan dar bir kal\u0131ba 0,250 in\u00e7lik bir plaka i\u015finin \u015fartnameye ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Matematiksel olarak yar\u0131\u00e7ap do\u011fruydu. Makinenin ise umurunda de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 darald\u0131k\u00e7a artar. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsan\u0131z, tonaj gereksinimini neredeyse yar\u0131ya indirirsiniz. Bunun nedeni, daha dar bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuvveti daha k\u0131sa bir kald\u0131ra\u00e7 kolu \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131p, ayn\u0131 kamyonu ta\u015f\u0131yan daha k\u0131sa bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haline gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden, hedefledi\u011finiz i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap (IR) i\u00e7in bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tikten sonra, o kal\u0131nl\u0131k ve V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131 hesaplay\u0131n. Bunu \u015funlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Makinenin o uzunluktaki kapasitesi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131b\u0131n fit ba\u015f\u0131na nominal tonaj\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Z\u0131mba dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
(Ve e\u011fer kal\u0131p dibine bas\u0131yorsan\u0131z, hava b\u00fckme tonaj\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u2014 genellikle 2 kat\u0131 veya daha fazla \u2014 art\u0131r\u0131n; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc temas alan\u0131 ve penetrasyon y\u00fck\u00fc zirveye ta\u015f\u0131r.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201cbiz sadece 0,500, 1,000 ve 2,000 in\u00e7lik kal\u0131plar stokluyoruz\u201d arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. Evet, bu \u015fekilde bir\u00e7ok i\u015fi halledebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca sessizce tak\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorlayabilir veya y\u00fcksek mukavemetli par\u00e7alarda \u00e7atlama s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda gezinebilir ve buna \u201cnormal sapma\u201d diyebilirsiniz.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz dolarl\u0131k sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f plakay\u0131 \u00e7atlat\u0131p bunu sat\u0131n alma departman\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, durumun ciddiyetini anlars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 basittir, ancak basite indirgenemez:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ger\u00e7ek akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Dayan\u0131labilir bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bu yar\u0131\u00e7aptan geriye do\u011fru hesaplay\u0131n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131 makine ve tak\u0131m limitlerine g\u00f6re do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Bunu yap\u0131n, 8 kat kal\u0131nl\u0131k k\u0131sayolu at\u00f6lyenizi y\u00f6netmekten vazge\u00e7sin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi, bu m\u00fckemmel hesaplanm\u0131\u015f kurulumu hala mahvedebilecek bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama daha var ve bunun mukavemetle hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Minimum Flan\u015f Tuza\u011f\u0131 ve Geometrik K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlam\u0131\u015f, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 do\u011fru se\u00e7mi\u015f, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 0,16 \u00d7 V \u00fczerinden hesaplam\u0131\u015f ve tonaj\u0131 makinenizin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde alt\u0131nda tutmu\u015f olsan\u0131z bile, par\u00e7ay\u0131 yine de hurdaya \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin gayet makul bir 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc izledim. Yar\u0131\u00e7ap 0,160 olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Tonaj rahatt\u0131. Y\u00fczeyde \u00e7atlama olmad\u0131. Ancak teknik resimde 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f isteniyordu. Her par\u00e7a, sanki abkant presin kendi akl\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f gibi, kenar uzunlu\u011fu k\u0131sa ve a\u00e7\u0131 olarak geni\u015f \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6yle olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f, kal\u0131p geometrisi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok k\u0131sayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar, b\u00fck\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda fiziksel olarak kal\u0131p omzu \u00fczerinde d\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde duramad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sac desteklenen bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k gibi davranmay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p bir tramplen gibi davranmaya ba\u015flar. Gerinim matemati\u011finiz de\u011fi\u015fmez. Destek ko\u015fulunuz de\u011fi\u015fir. Ve geometri bu kavgay\u0131 her zaman kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, hata noktas\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k de\u011filse, nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenar Uzunlu\u011funuz Neden A\u00e7\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00d6nce Hata Verir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba kumpas tutun. Merkez hatt\u0131ndan her bir omuza olan mesafe 0,500 in\u00e7tir. Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, z\u0131mba a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 indik\u00e7e malzeme o omuzlar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda temas eder. Bu temas alan\u0131 sizin deste\u011finizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi ayn\u0131 kal\u0131pta 0,375 in\u00e7lik bir flan\u015f b\u00fckmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hayal edin. V'nin yar\u0131s\u0131 (0,500 in\u00e7) zaten t\u00fcm kenar\u0131n\u0131zdan daha geni\u015ftir. Kararl\u0131 bir omuz deste\u011fi yoktur. Malzeme, b\u00fck\u00fcm tam olarak olu\u015fmadan \u00f6nce V'nin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm g\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015fars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc olan \u015fey geri yaylanma de\u011fil. De\u011fi\u015fen geometridir. Y\u00fck uygulad\u0131k\u00e7a sac, kal\u0131b\u0131n daha derinlerine kayar. B\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131n\u0131z fiilen hareket eder. Tonaj\u0131n\u0131z tamamen sabit olsa bile a\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7\u0131 hatalar\u0131 malzeme sorunlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlar genellikle kenar uzunlu\u011fu sorunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fte 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131n tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer buras\u0131d\u0131r. V kal\u0131b\u0131 akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7apa g\u00f6re do\u011fru se\u00e7tiniz. G\u00fczel. Ancak kimse flan\u015f\u0131n o V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7inde fiziksel olarak var olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u015flatmadan \u00f6nce bunu nas\u0131l anlars\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re minimum flan\u015f\u0131 hesaplamak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte pratik kontrol y\u00f6ntemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Haval\u0131 b\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7in minimum flan\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,7 \u00d7 V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 at\u00f6lyeler 0,6 \u00d7 V kullan\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 0,8 \u00d7 V ile i\u015fi sa\u011flama al\u0131r. Ancak 0,6 \u00d7 V'nin alt\u0131ndaysan\u0131z, kumar oynuyorsunuz demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O 1,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131b\u0131 ele al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 1,000 = Kararl\u0131 bir destek i\u00e7in 0,700 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi bunu teknik resimdeki 0,375 in\u00e7lik flan\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. 0,375 \u00d7 V seviyesindesiniz. O kenar\u0131n, \u015fekillendirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda omuz \u00fczerinde tam olarak oturma \u015fans\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki operat\u00f6r ne yapt\u0131? 0,625 in\u00e7lik bir V kal\u0131ba ge\u00e7ti. Bu, 0,125 in\u00e7lik malzeme i\u00e7in eski 8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131 ihlal ediyor (0,625 \u00f7 0,125 = 5\u00d7). Ama geometrik a\u00e7\u0131dan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,7 \u00d7 0,625 = 0,437 in\u00e7 minimum flan\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k 0,375 in\u00e7lik kenar\u0131n\u0131z hala s\u0131k\u0131, ancak en az\u0131ndan fiziksel destek s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fin p\u00fcf noktas\u0131 burada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kal\u0131b\u0131 daraltmak sadece geometriyi d\u00fczeltmedi. Tonaj\u0131 da f\u0131rlatt\u0131. 0,250 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00fczerinde, 1,500 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta 10 feet ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 ton, 3,000 in\u00e7lik V kal\u0131pta ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 139 ton \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcm. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131ya indirdi\u011finizde y\u00fck iki kattan fazla artar. Ayn\u0131 fizik kurallar\u0131 daha ince saclar i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f deste\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zersiniz ve sessizce abkant presi daha fazla y\u00fcklersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte \u201ch\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler\u201d bu \u015fekilde pahal\u0131 hurdalara veya daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, pahal\u0131 tak\u0131mlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f daha da k\u0131saysa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cKayma\u201d Riski: K\u0131sa bir flan\u015f V kal\u0131ba girdi\u011finde ne olur?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Flan\u015f \u00e7ok k\u0131sa oldu\u011funda, sadece deste\u011fini kaybetmekle kalmaz. \u00dcst kal\u0131p (z\u0131mba) sac\u0131 i\u00e7eri itti\u011finde flan\u015f V kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine devrilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Omzlardan birinde parlak bir s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme izi g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu kozmetik bir durum de\u011fildir. Bu, sac\u0131n kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ferken d\u00f6nmesidir. B\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7izgisi i\u00e7eri do\u011fru kayar ve hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m uzunlu\u011fundan daha k\u0131sa bir kenar elde etmenize neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k b\u00fck\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (bend deduction) hesab\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fru olsa bile, a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte daha yeni kuvvet modellerinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu nokta buras\u0131d\u0131r. SPCC ve 1100-O al\u00fcminyum \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya testleri, ideal olmayan temas ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek b\u00fckme y\u00fcklerinin genellikle tablo de\u011ferlerini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Kayma, bu ko\u015fullardan biridir. Temiz bir omuz temas\u0131 yerine noktasal y\u00fckleme al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yerel bas\u0131n\u00e7 artar. \u0130z olu\u015fumu artar. Kuvvet tahmini ise tamamen ge\u00e7ersiz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden minimum flan\u015f bir \u00f6neri de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir stabilite gereklili\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak flan\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n 0,7 \u00d7 V kural\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsayal\u0131m. Destekleniyorsunuz. A\u00e7\u0131 tutarl\u0131. \u00d6zellikle tak\u0131m raf\u0131n\u0131zda \u201cverimli\u201d olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sessiz bir geometri sorunu daha var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tekli V vs. \u00c7oklu V Bloklar\u0131: \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fck ne zaman bir y\u00fck haline gelir?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131 severim. Yer tasarrufu sa\u011flarlar. Tek bir tak\u0131mda 0,500'den 0,750'ye ve 1,000'e ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak onlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V \u00fczerindeki omuzlar daha dard\u0131r. Biti\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki mesafe daha incedir. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda \u2014 \u00f6zellikle feet ba\u015f\u0131na 20 tonun \u00fczerinde \u2014 ayn\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sahip \u00f6zel bir tekli V blo\u011fundan daha fazla esneme yaparlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Esneme, bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131ndaki efektif V geni\u015fli\u011finizi de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve bu, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7 noktalar\u0131nda hassasiyet kayb\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
0,187 in\u00e7lik A36 malzemeyi, hafif sac kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in derecelendirilmi\u015f bir \u00e7oklu V blo\u011funun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Uzunluk boyunca, tek par\u00e7a 0,750 in\u00e7lik bir kal\u0131pta g\u00f6rmeyece\u011finiz bir a\u00e7\u0131 sapmas\u0131 elde edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc derecelendirme s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda, kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdesi mikroskobik d\u00fczeyde esner. Bu esneme, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015fletir. Daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap anlam\u0131na gelir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme (springback) demektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla programlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z derinlik art\u0131k hedef a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131za e\u015fit olmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu \u00e7ok incedir. Burada bir derece. \u015eurada bir bu\u00e7uk derece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b10,5\u00b0 toleransl\u0131 bir i\u015fte, bu hurda demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00e7oklu V bloklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6p oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ancak bu bir at\u00f6lye tecr\u00fcbesidir, evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda gayet iyidirler. Onlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ra zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda geometri kayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki, ne zaman esnek olmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Y\u00fcksek toleransl\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel tekli V kal\u0131plar\u0131na ne zaman yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer teknik resim 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik \u00fczerinde \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00b10,5\u00b0 a\u00e7\u0131 talep ediyorsa ve siz fit ba\u015f\u0131na 15\u201320 tonluk bir bask\u0131 uyguluyorsan\u0131z, \u00f6zel kal\u0131b\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alt\u0131nda tam k\u00fctle bulunan tek bir 0,875 in\u00e7 veya 1,000 in\u00e7lik V, y\u00fck alt\u0131nda geometriyi daha iyi koruyacakt\u0131r. Daha az esneme. Daha tutarl\u0131 yar\u0131\u00e7ap. Daha \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir geri esneme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta maliyeti daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak kal\u0131p \u0131s\u0131n\u0131p esnedi\u011fi i\u00e7in son 30 par\u00e7an\u0131n tolerans d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle 200 par\u00e7al\u0131k bir seriyi yeniden \u00fcretmenin maliyeti de ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peki ya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu ve kal\u0131p k\u00fctlesi hala yeterli gelmedi\u011finde?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zor B\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Geometriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Baz\u0131 par\u00e7alar sadece mukavemet veya flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu konusunda size diren\u00e7 g\u00f6stermez. Y\u00fczey, geri esneme veya her ikisi konusunda da sizi zorlarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte o zaman standart V kal\u0131plar\u0131 do\u011fru ara\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rulo kal\u0131plar ve \u00fcretan u\u00e7lar: Geometriden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden iz b\u0131rakma sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
F\u0131r\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeye sahip kozmetik 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 malzeme, her omuz izini g\u00f6sterecektir. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletebilirsiniz, ancak bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 ve geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu durumda a\u00e7\u0131n\u0131z kaymaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir rulo kal\u0131p, temas ko\u015fulunu de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Malzeme, sabit bir omuz \u00fczerinde kaymak yerine yuvarlan\u0131r. Daha az s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme. Daha az iz. Daha tutarl\u0131 bir kuvvet e\u011frisi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dcretan ek par\u00e7alar y\u00fck\u00fc daha geni\u015f bir y\u00fczeye yayarak, sizi gere\u011finden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zorlamadan tepe bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Geometri, hesaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yar\u0131\u00e7apa daha yak\u0131n kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k sadece a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fini de\u011fil, temas mekani\u011fini y\u00f6netiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Farkl\u0131 kald\u0131ra\u00e7. Ayn\u0131 hedef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 V kal\u0131plar: Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 malzemelerde geri esmeyi \u00e7\u00f6zmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Standart 90\u00b0'lik bir V kal\u0131pta 6\u20138 derece geri esme yapan 0,187 in\u00e7lik 80.000 PSI'l\u0131k bir malzemeyi ele alal\u0131m. Derinlik vererek fazla b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilirsiniz, ancak penetrasyon artar ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tonaj da y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
30\u00b0 veya 60\u00b0'lik dar a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 bir V kal\u0131p, tam formlama (coining) yapmadan tabana oturtma geometrisini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Kal\u0131p duvarlar\u0131 daha erken devreye girer. Geri esmeyi kaba kuvvetle de\u011fil, a\u00e7\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131yla kontrol edersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evet, tonaj artar (ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj\u0131n\u0131za dikkat edin), ancak derinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131sal kontrolle takas ediyorsunuz. Y\u00fcksek akma dayan\u0131ml\u0131 par\u00e7alarda bu, kararl\u0131 bir 90\u00b0 ile t\u00fcm vardiya boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc tutturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak aras\u0131ndaki fark anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu noktada model netle\u015fmi\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 size \u00e7atlamadan ne kadar dar b\u00fck\u00fcm yapabilece\u011finizi s\u00f6yledi. Tonaj, makinenin hayatta kal\u0131p kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu, par\u00e7an\u0131n fiziksel olarak kal\u0131ba oturup oturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Tak\u0131m geometrisi ise o kurulumun y\u00fck alt\u0131nda tolerans\u0131 koruyup korumayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bunlardan herhangi birini g\u00f6rmezden gelirseniz, m\u00fckemmel gerinim hesaplamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yine pahal\u0131 hurda \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yani ger\u00e7ek i\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu; gerinim kapasitesi, y\u00fck kapasitesi ve fiziksel destektir; hem de bu s\u0131rayla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u00f6lye Karar \u00c7er\u00e7evesi: \u201cA\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan\u201d \u201cGerinim Kontrol\u00fcne\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 istiyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir oran de\u011fil. \u201c8\u00d7\u201d de\u011fil. 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin pahal\u0131 hurdas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini engellerken, flan\u015f \u00fczerinde \u00b10,5\u00b0 ve \u00b10,010 in\u00e7 tolerans\u0131 koruman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir s\u0131ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015fte de\u011fi\u015fim burada: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 doldurulacak bir bo\u015fluk gibi se\u00e7meyi b\u0131rak\u0131n. Onu bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fck de\u011ferini belirliyormu\u015fsunuz gibi se\u00e7meye ba\u015flay\u0131n. Sac, yoldur. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fckt\u00fcr. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z bir \u015feyler \u00e7atlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck tutarsan\u0131z yol sarkar; yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcr, geri esme artar, a\u00e7\u0131lar sapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu nedenle karar s\u00fcreci yaln\u0131zca tek bir y\u00f6nde ilerler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0130zin verilen gerinimi tan\u0131mlay\u0131n (malzemeden ve hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7aptan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Hava b\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 \u00fcretecek bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tonaj\u0131, makine ve kal\u0131p de\u011ferine g\u00f6re kontrol edin (toplam tonaj de\u011fil, ayak ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n (\u2265 0,7 \u00d7 V).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Tolerans\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r bir tekli-V veya \u00f6zel bir kal\u0131p gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011fine karar verin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
S\u0131ralama budur. Bunu bozarsan\u0131z kumara geri d\u00f6nersiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden oradan ba\u015fl\u0131yorsunuz?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc metal sizin genel kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 umursamaz. Gerilime tepki verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce Malzeme\u201d Kontrol Listesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u00d6nce malzeme\u201d demek \u201c\u00f6nce kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d demek de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu, \u00f6nce akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bana 0,187 in\u00e7 A36 ve 0,187 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik verirseniz ve \u201cher zaman kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu\u201d diyerek ayn\u0131 1,500 in\u00e7lik V'yi kullanmam\u0131 s\u00f6ylerseniz, bu par\u00e7alardan birinin risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu zaten bilirim. Ayn\u0131 kal\u0131nl\u0131k. Farkl\u0131 gerinim kapasitesi. Farkl\u0131 geri esneme. Ayak ba\u015f\u0131na farkl\u0131 tonaj.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ancak bu evrensel bir yasa de\u011fil, at\u00f6lye ge\u00e7mi\u015fidir; 36.000\u201360.000 PSI yumu\u015fak \u00e7elikte s\u0131k\u0131 toleranslar pe\u015finde ko\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fcrece 8\u00d7 gayet iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Tuzak, bu ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n 70.000\u201390.000 PSI paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fe veya a\u015f\u0131nmaya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 plakaya aktar\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu y\u00fczden kontrol listesi \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Ger\u00e7ek malzeme spesifikasyonu (\u201cpaslanmaz\u201d de\u011fil \u2014 304 m\u00fc? 301 yar\u0131 sert mi?)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Kal\u0131nl\u0131k, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f (nominal de\u011fil; 0,125 olarak sat\u0131lan 0,120 in\u00e7 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Bask\u0131daki hedef i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Gerekli a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Par\u00e7a \u00fczerindeki minimum flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Art\u0131k k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu olmadan, tak\u0131m se\u00e7imine bir gerinim sorunu yerine katalog sorunuymu\u015f gibi bakars\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u0131m dolab\u0131na dokunmadan \u00f6nce do\u011frulanmas\u0131 gereken temel veri noktalar\u0131<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Somutla\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Diyelim ki bask\u0131da 0,125 in\u00e7 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, 90\u00b0, i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap maksimum 0,125 in\u00e7, \u00b10,5\u00b0, flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu 0,750 in\u00e7 isteniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Birinci ad\u0131m: Hava b\u00fckmede yar\u0131\u00e7ap, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7elik i\u00e7in i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,16 \u00d7 V de\u011ferinde seyreder. Yani yakla\u015f\u0131k 0,125 in\u00e7lik bir i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap istiyorsam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0,125 \u00f7 0,16 \u2248 0,781 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En yak\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131p 0,750 veya 0,875'tir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi gerinim ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini kontrol edelim. 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik, bir\u00e7ok temper de\u011ferinde \u00e7atlama yapmadan kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1 kat\u0131 kadar i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 tolere edebilir. 0,125 in\u00e7 kal\u0131nl\u0131kta 0,125 in\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap, 1T (kal\u0131nl\u0131k) de\u011ferindedir. G\u00fcvenli b\u00f6lgedeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi tonaj. Daha dar bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, fit ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen tonaj\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. E\u011fer o 0,750 in\u00e7lik V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 beni bu malzeme \u00fczerinde fit ba\u015f\u0131na 18\u201320 tonun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorsa (tablonuzu kontrol edin), kal\u0131b\u0131n ve abkant presin buna uygun oldu\u011funu do\u011frulasam iyi olur. Birinin fit ba\u015f\u0131na tonaj de\u011ferini g\u00f6rmezden gelip sadece toplam tonaja bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik paslanmaz \u00e7elik i\u015finde hafif bir \u00e7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 mantar gibi ezdi\u011fine \u015fahit oldum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ard\u0131ndan flan\u015f uzunlu\u011fu. 0,7 \u00d7 0,750 = 0,525 in\u00e7 minimum. Teknik resim 0,750 in\u00e7 istiyor. Destekleniyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u015eimdi \u2014 ve ancak \u015fimdi \u2014 dolab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine dikkat edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asla \u201ckal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 8 kat\u0131\u201d demedik. \u201cBu malzeme hangi gerinime dayanabilir ve hangi V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gerinimi \u00fcretir?\u201d dedik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kontrol budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yayg\u0131n Kal\u0131p Kaynakl\u0131 Ar\u0131zalar\u0131n Giderilmesi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7o\u011fu operat\u00f6r \u00f6nce derinli\u011fi veya geri esneme telafisini su\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bazen yan\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlama, iz yapma veya tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131p kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Paslanmaz \u00e7elikte b\u00fck\u00fcm hatt\u0131nda \u00e7atlama m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7 yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer \u201cdaha g\u00fcvenli hissettirdi\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7in 0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elikte 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tiyseniz, yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131z 0,160 in\u00e7 civar\u0131nda seyreder. Bu, \u00e7atlama riskini azalt\u0131r, evet \u2014 ancak geri esnemeyi art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden 90 dereceyi yakalamak i\u00e7in daha derine inersiniz. Daha derin inmek, daha fazla penetrasyon, omuzlarda daha fazla temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 ve bazen yerel a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerinim anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7atlak, \u00e7ok dar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in olu\u015fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim yolunun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011finiz i\u00e7in olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr y\u00fczeyli 0,090 in\u00e7lik 5052 al\u00fcminyumda a\u011f\u0131r omuz izleri mi var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u0131mba kalitesini su\u00e7lamadan \u00f6nce, V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorun. Dar V, daha y\u00fcksek temas bas\u0131nc\u0131 demektir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7 iz b\u0131rak\u0131r. V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek izleri azalt\u0131r ancak yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr. E\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131 tolerans\u0131 darsa, bu \u00f6d\u00fcnle\u015fim parti genelinde tutars\u0131zl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Uzun bir par\u00e7ada soldan sa\u011fa tutars\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar m\u0131 var?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7oklu V kal\u0131b\u0131n tonaj de\u011ferinin \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131nsan\u0131z, g\u00f6vde esner. Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k merkezde etkili bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fler. Merkezdeki daha geni\u015f V, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yar\u0131\u00e7ap, daha fazla geri esneme ve daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir a\u00e7\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir derinlik sorunu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k (span) sehimidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu belirtiyi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kendinize \u015fu soruyu sorun: V a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, malzemeyi tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde koruyamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir gerinim veya y\u00fck ko\u015fuluna m\u0131 zorluyor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cevap evet ise, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm daha fazla strok de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm farkl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zihinsel De\u011fi\u015fim: Sadece Metal B\u00fckmek De\u011fil, Malzeme Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Y\u00f6netmek<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Siz sac katlam\u0131yorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Malzemenin gerinim s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve makinenizin y\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde kalarak, iki omuz aras\u0131ndaki malzeme ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiriyorsunuz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu bir bo\u015fluk sorunu de\u011fil, bir kontrol sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neden tutarl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar katalog taramak yerine hesaplamalarla ba\u015flar?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Katalog mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle der: 0,125 in\u00e7 malzeme \u2192 1,000 in\u00e7 V \u2192 tamamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinim mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle der: Hangi yar\u0131\u00e7apa ihtiyac\u0131m var? Hangi V bunu \u00fcretir? Bu, fit ba\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7 ton gerektirir? Kal\u0131p g\u00f6vdem bunu sehim yapmadan ta\u015f\u0131yabilir mi? Flan\u015f fiziksel olarak 0,7 \u00d7 V veya daha fazlas\u0131nda stabil bir \u015fekilde duruyor mu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu s\u0131ra, b\u00fckme i\u015flemini al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131ktan m\u00fchendisli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve i\u015fleri bir y\u0131l boyunca bu \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde bir \u015feyler de\u011fi\u015fir. \u201cGenellikle hangi V'yi kullan\u0131r\u0131z?\u201d diye sormay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, \u201cHangi gerinimi yarat\u0131yorum?\u201d diye sormaya ba\u015flars\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130leriye ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metal sizin kural\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmez. Sadece ona uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z stresi bilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gerinimi kontrol edin; tonaj, a\u00e7\u0131, tolerans ve tak\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc gibi geriye kalan her \u015fey bunun ard\u0131ndan kendili\u011finden d\u00fczene girecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lgili Kaynaklar ve Sonraki Ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kesim Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Giyotin Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Panel B\u00fckme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kaynak Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Sac Yuvarlama Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, V Kanal A\u00e7ma Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 materyal isteyen okuyucular i\u00e7in, Bro\u015f\u00fcrler<\/a> yararl\u0131 bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 kaynakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Demir \u0130\u015fleme Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
0,125 in\u00e7lik 304 paslanmaz \u00e7elik bir braketin, 1,000 in\u00e7lik bir V-kal\u0131pta d\u0131\u015f yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131ndan tam ortadan ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izledim. Ayn\u0131 kurulumla t\u00fcm sabah boyunca hi\u00e7bir iz b\u0131rakmadan 0,125 in\u00e7lik A36 \u00e7eli\u011fi b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 z\u0131mba, ayn\u0131 arka dayama ve ayn\u0131 \u201c8\u00d7 kal\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d kural\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bir malzeme temiz bir \u015fekilde b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcrken, di\u011feri pahal\u0131 bir hurdaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. E\u011fer bu kural sa\u011flam olsayd\u0131, neden [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1350,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1354,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1349\/revisions\/1354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Giyotin Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buradaki pratik se\u00e7enekleri de\u011ferlendiren ekipler i\u00e7in, Lazer Kesim Makinesi<\/a> ilgili bir sonraki ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n