{"id":1286,"date":"2026-03-16T02:07:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-16T02:07:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/?p=1286"},"modified":"2026-03-19T03:04:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T03:04:11","slug":"press-brake-tooling-material","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/press-brake-tooling-material\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e3y"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0169i ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00ecnh ra. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 g\u00e3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m d\u00e0y n\u1eeda inch. Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho bi\u1ebft anh ta v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. M\u0169i ch\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p chromoly \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c t\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u201ch\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p\u201d tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i g\u00e3y v\u00e0 v\u0103ng tung t\u00f3e v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian khu\u00f4n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu 42CrMo l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh, t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tay trung b\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng khi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed7i foot t\u0103ng cao? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf luy\u1ec7n kim m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng khung m\u00e1y, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng CNC v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o CNC nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CN-HAWE<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cao gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb \u201cD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng?\u201d sang \u201cTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho t\u1ea3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i b\u1eaby Chromoly: V\u00ec sao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh 42CrMo: T\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ee5ng so v\u1edbi chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Ngu\u1ed3n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y l\u01b0\u1edbt qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 danh m\u1ee5c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y 42CrMo xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u s\u01a1n x\u00e1m m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 48\u201352 HRC m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. Gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, h\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c y\u00ean t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ca ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5n n\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u00ean hai vai khu\u00f4n. Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f2n ch\u1ea5n \u0103n s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p n\u0103m l\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp trung ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i ch\u1ea5n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch 42CrMo tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \"vua\": n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng trung b\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao. Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec sao v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201cm\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nhanh h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"V\u00ec<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby. Khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201cc\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n\u201d. X\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e9p chromoly l\u00ean tr\u00ean 55 HRC \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00f3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khi ch\u1ea5n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m. D\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c cao l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 thay v\u00ec 201, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh g\u00f3c n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 thay v\u00ec m\u0169i ch\u1ea5n ph\u00ecnh ra d\u1ea7n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 v\u0103ng tung t\u00f3e. Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng m\u00e1y. Khu\u00f4n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n\u201d trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00e9m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim chromoly ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"X\u00e1c<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1eadp trung d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n quanh m\u1ee9c 50 HRC. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p mong manh gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai va \u0111\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ea9y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 60 HRC v\u1edbi chromoly, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y th\u00eam y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u2014tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y\u2014cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m. Chuy\u1ec3n sang u\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y. L\u1ef1c n\u00e9n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u201cn\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n,\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p th\u00e9p, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chi\u1ec1u m\u1edf khu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chromoly kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng v\u00ec y\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 h\u1ecfng v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng c\u00fa va \u0111\u1eadp n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ed7i ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u00e0i to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n khi n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh thay v\u00ec m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u 42CrMo c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd Gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ed9 C\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9 D\u1ebbo Dai: L\u1ef1a Ch\u1ecdn Gi\u1eefa Bi\u1ebfn D\u1ea1ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee5 v\u00e0 N\u1ee9t G\u00e3y Th\u1ea3m Kh\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1eed, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 \u201cngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u\u201d t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u00e9p. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y trong ca \u0111\u00eam. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1eb9p\u2014kho\u1ea3ng 0,4 mm b\u1ecb ph\u00ecnh ra. C\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai g\u1eedi m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 v\u00e0o khoang khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n vai khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y. L\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng t\u00f4n th\u1edd c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u201cm\u1ea1nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cy\u1ebfu.\u201d B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. C\u00e1i kia mang nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n b\u1eafn tung t\u00f3e. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1i b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u201cc\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p\u201d h\u01a1n tr\u00ean t\u1edd r\u01a1i qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00f5 \u0111\u00e0i\u201d trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n. V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2013 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng hay n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0i m\u00f2n do ma s\u00e1t so v\u1edbi m\u1ecfi va \u0111\u1eadp: Hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. C\u1ea1nh m\u1ec1m \u0111i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o v\u1ec7t m\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ea1ng ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00ednh \u2013 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t ma s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 24\/7, ki\u1ec3u m\u00f2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba so v\u1edbi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 ma s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 c\u0169: m\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t u\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y m\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh g\u00f3c \u2013 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u2013 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf li ti vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecfi va \u0111\u1eadp: c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i n\u00e9n cao l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c vi n\u1ee9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, r\u1ed3i n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t ca c\u00f2n v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Ca sau, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea3i danh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00f2n nhanh g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ee9t v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u00f2n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u2014tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y\u2014cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean vai khu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh. Gi\u1eef c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u01a1i gi\u00f2n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5i v\u00ec bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y n\u1eeda inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo xuy\u00ean qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y. L\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea3i n\u00e9n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, v\u00e0 khi tr\u1ee5c \u00e9p r\u00fat l\u00ean, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft k\u00e9o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con dao hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m, \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t khi vi n\u1ee9t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp cho v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n trong c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u0169i s\u1edbm. Ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c; n\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 d\u1ebbo thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u201cv\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang u\u1ed1n nh\u1eb9 c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n v\u1edbi v\u00e0i t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, hay th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Nhi\u1ec7t do ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m hai con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi chu k\u1ef3 di\u1ec5n ra nhanh. V\u00f9ng c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00e0y. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mactenxit c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y\u2014c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i\u2014mang n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 n\u1eb7ng n\u00e9n c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3. Khi nh\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. C\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 (dislocation) ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t. Trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f9n ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i cromoly r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 60 HRC, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbit v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf. V\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n. C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t\u201d; trong x\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3 g\u00e3y r\u1ed3i\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd th\u00eam sai l\u1ec7ch c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb l\u1eafp l\u1ec7ch m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 sau v\u00e0i tr\u0103m chu k\u1ef3 khi d\u1eadp th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i h\u1ee3p kim; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. D\u00f9 th\u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u1ee9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec7ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t g\u1edd nh\u1ecf\u2014hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed9 dai l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft l\u00f5m. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb feet, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00f9n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t gi\u1eef cho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1eady n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 dai ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m\u201d ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5u\u201d \u1edf h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f9ng trung gian b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua: Khi th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 (ROI) t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1edd r\u01a1i qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p cacbon m\u1ec1m, d\u1ebbo nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 cromoly c\u1ef1c c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cdi\u1ec5n oai\u201d t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng trung gian: D2, A2, T10 v\u00e0 42CrMo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ecdi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00fang \u201ch\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n\u201d, ch\u00fang chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp\u2014danh hi\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u00ean h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau chu k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n \u201c\u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi v\u1ebft g\u00e3y\u201d, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n \u1edf g\u1ea7n v\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ta v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao D2 v\u00e0 A2 l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n cromoly trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 d\u00e0i 10 foot su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 50% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m, n\u00ean t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u0169ng t\u0103ng theo. Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecd b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m, r\u1ed3i t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n. H\u1ecd \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u01a1n h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cromoly \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00f3c d\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u00e9p v\u1eabn s\u1eafc. Ch\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111\u1ec9nh s\u00f3ng\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2014c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ng\u1eafn t\u1eeb khu\u00f4n V ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, l\u00f4 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb9. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D2 v\u00e0 A2 l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed kh\u00e1c. D2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao nh\u1edd c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbit cr\u00f4m, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u2014kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u201cph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d\u2014n\u00f3 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 dai ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. A2 hy sinh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c ca gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0i, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt vi n\u1ee9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh g\u00e3y v\u1ee1 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ca ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u201cnu\u1ed1t\u201d m\u00e9p dao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng dai h\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t l\u00e2u h\u01a1n 20% v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ee1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, th\u00ec ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y v\u1ee1 tan l\u00fac 2 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi lo\u1ea1i \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9\u201d \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Type 201 thay v\u00ec 304, v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T10 so v\u1edbi 42CrMo: Khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u201cv\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t\u201d th\u1ef1c ra l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u2014 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u2014 cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i: khu\u00f4n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng l\u00ean ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng (t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot) t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T10 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, gi\u1eef c\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng. 42CrMo \u2014 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p crom-molypden c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u2014 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ram \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1, 42CrMo th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u201cm\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd\u201d h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 dai khi g\u00e3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ea9y 42CrMo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u1ee9t \u1edf g\u00f3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1i ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eb9p; n\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T10, gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i m\u00f2n ch\u1eadm \u2014 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u00e1o gi\u00e1p trang tr\u00ed. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao h\u01a1n s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u201c\u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 tung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f2n \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n m\u00e0i s\u1eafc l\u1ea1i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t si\u00eau nh\u1ecf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D2 v\u00e0 A2, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00e0i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t carbide \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. T10 th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u2014 \u00edt h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, \u00edt \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd h\u01a1n khi m\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p crom-molypden b\u1ecb t\u00f4i qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu\u201d. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111ang ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong. M\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra sau khi m\u00e0i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u00e2m th\u1ea7m: c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p th\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai cao h\u01a1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i m\u00e0i nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang \u201cbi\u1ebft tha th\u1ee9\u201d. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 robot, s\u1ef1 \u201ctha th\u1ee9\u201d n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam hai \u0111i\u1ec3m HRC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 t\u00ean h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean th\u00e2n: n\u1ebfu hai d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00e1i kia l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i h\u1ee3p kim: T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hai ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb 42CrMo. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. C\u00f9ng m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n, c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y 3\/8 inch. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ea1y s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i kia th\u00ec v\u0103ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m v\u00e0o khe khu\u00f4n v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i th\u1ee9 Ba. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p kim kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean t\u1edd qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o: \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi l\u00f5i b\u00ean trong. Khi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2014 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n l\u1eb7p \u2014 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1ef1\u201d hay n\u1ed5 tung th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng: R\u1ee7i ro bong b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. M\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u2014 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ram \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh \u2014 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f5i. Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. To\u00e0n th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cn\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y\u201d, bo tr\u00f2n c\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 58\u201360 HRC, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 milim\u00e9t. B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00f5i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng d\u1ebbo dai h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, l\u00f5i d\u1ebbo ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng, n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n sang u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh chu k\u1ef3. L\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 mactenxit\u2014c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n. L\u00f5i l\u1ea1i u\u1ed1n vi m\u00f4 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. S\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft ngay t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch. Sau \u0111\u1ee7 chu k\u1ef3, nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh song song v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bong tr\u00f3c\u2014s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft chu k\u1ef3 g\u00e2y ra. V\u00e0 khi l\u1edbp v\u1ecf gi\u00f2n \u1ea5y bung ra, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bong nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n. N\u00f3 v\u0103ng ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng n\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i. L\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp, l\u00f5i di chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111i, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y. Ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 v\u1ee1 m\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ea5u c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111i k\u00e8m c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 cao\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 H13 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 50 HRC\u2014b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf gi\u00f2n \u1ea5y. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb bong tr\u00f3c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sang n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y to\u00e0n th\u00e2n. C\u00e1ch h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u201ch\u1ed9p s\u1ecd\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trung gian n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u201ch\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n\u201d th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i laser mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i laser ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Thay v\u00ec nung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9m tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i \u00f4stenit h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 t\u00f4i ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 4140 ho\u1eb7c 4130, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 58\u201362 HRC \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,001 inch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m milim\u00e9t tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong khu\u00f4n u\u1ed1n, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00e0i m\u01b0\u1eddi foot quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u hay d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i kh\u1ebd: \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c\u2014b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng, b\u00ean trong d\u1ebbo h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Laser cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng sao cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u201cv\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng n\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng\u2014khu\u00f4n V h\u1eb9p, t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u00e9p ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i\u2014n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng nguy c\u01a1 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp. V\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i laser l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u00cdt bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do nhi\u1ec7t sau khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00edt t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh do sai l\u1ec7ch c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y nh\u1edb, trung b\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u\u2014n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e9p n\u1ec1n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua b\u1ecf qua v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 Rockwell \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 do nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y m\u00f3ng tay qua hai chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n. Chi\u1ebfc kia c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft m\u00e0i m\u1edd vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea3i. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 56 HRC. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u1edd si\u00eau nh\u1ecf \u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i (galling) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u2014chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m sang d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf l\u1ea7n \u00e9p ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (t\u1ea5n\/foot) cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ecbn h\u01a1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t, gi\u1ea3m sinh nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec9nh, t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. C\u00f9ng th\u00e9p. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. Kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Kh\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i s\u0103n th\u00e9p cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng oai. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m. Nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u2014bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n \u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i, bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n m\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf\u2014n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong. V\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn chu k\u1ef3 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u1edf th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng m\u00e1y tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh khi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh to\u00e1n Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n: T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng m\u00e1y<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c \u0111a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c xem c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: T\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/a>. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CNC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 R&D chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u00e9p phanh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng m\u1ecfng khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao t\u00ednh theo m\u1ed7i foot s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm h\u01a1n. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khe khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i trong khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 $200 m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd ch\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch qua m\u01b0\u1eddi foot d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 mua chia cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y x\u00e9t th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0i th\u00f4 h\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ma s\u00e1t, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1edbp t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m cao. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nhanh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau tan m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Rockwell bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u00e1 mua ban \u0111\u1ea7u: Nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1eefa ca s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00e3y v\u00e0o l\u00fac 3 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t ca s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 500 chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 3\/8 inch, khi c\u00e1i thay th\u1ebf \u1edf t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i k\u00e8m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 b\u1ed1n ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1\u2014tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd\u2014cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng. Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. \u0102n s\u00e2u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00f2n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u1ecfng gi\u1eefa ca, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. B\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111ang d\u1edf dang. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea5u hao chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00ec m\u1eabu s\u1ed1\u2014s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u2014s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u xa x\u1ec9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam 40% cho m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u201ccao c\u1ea5p\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n chi th\u00eam 40% cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00f9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n chi th\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f4i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u00f5i dai\u2014ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i 20.000 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35.000 trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn\u2014th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng m\u00e1y m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng gi\u1ea3m. \u00cdt l\u1ea7n th\u00e1o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u01a1n. \u00cdt l\u1ea7n c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. \u00cdt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1t sinh h\u01a1n. Trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n chi th\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 dai g\u00e3y t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p\u2014h\u00f4m nay u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m, ng\u00e0y mai u\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eadp \u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n chi th\u00eam 40% c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn dai h\u01a1n, m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1ng cao c\u1ea5p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 khi n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i khi \u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00ednh theo t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \"\u0111\u1ee9a con c\u01b0ng\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft brochure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carbide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cao c\u1ea5p: V\u0169 kh\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 cho x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Carbide l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con dao m\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ecfng, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, n\u00f3 gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e9p r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. M\u00f2n \u00edt. G\u00f3c predictable. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i. Trong h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00faa b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p r\u00e8n. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a carbide r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ed1ng g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m cong ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 cong nh\u1eb9. Nguy c\u01a1 v\u0103ng m\u1ea3nh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ma s\u00e1t th\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cho t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp gi\u00e1p trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean l\u00f5i gi\u00f2n. Khi n\u1ec1n n\u1ee9t, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cChromoly c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng?\u201d hay \u201cCarbide c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i elite kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00ednh theo t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u0111ai v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khung l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn: Gh\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u201cDNA\u201d c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 theo b\u1ea3ng h\u1ee3p kim. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn n\u00f3 theo c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh theo t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m brochure m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1ea1y th\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eadt? Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. Khung n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u01a1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2014 t\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh \u2014 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i thay v\u00ec b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u trong x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e9o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i doanh thu \u2014 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng 60.000 PSI c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, t\u1ea5m ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: nh\u00e2n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chia cho 60.000. N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 90.000 PSI, b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i, \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m,\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e9n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao hai ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1ng c\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy c\u01a1 v\u0103ng m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Ba d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ee3p kim n\u00e0o l\u00e0 vua?\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u00fa u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng?\u201d B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 20% trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i 1,5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ebfn 2\u00d7 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n \u0111u\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang tung ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot khi u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 khe V ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 1,0\u00d7. U\u1ed1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 5\u00d7. U\u1ed1n \u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10\u00d7. Thu h\u1eb9p khu\u00f4n V nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n quy t\u1eafc 6\u20138\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i t\u0103ng nhanh\u2014\u0111\u00f4i khi t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ee3p kim khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng\u2014tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd\u2014cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed n\u00e9n th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1y tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao trong khu\u00f4n ch\u1eb7t. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n danh m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n