Nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 v\u1ebb g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 0.012 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 60.000 psi, u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf b\u1eb1ng 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1\u2014chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 90.000 psi, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda\u2014l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong Fy<\/strong> \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n 50% theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng \u201cho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.\u201d N\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c. Nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh sai. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u0103n nh\u00fam theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ed9n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n ng\u1eafn (2,000 lb) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n m\u00e9t (2,204 lb) v\u00e0 N\/mm\u00b2 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ef1c 8\u201310% tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb sai. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 cho v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 0.012 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 x\u00fac x\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gian l\u1eadn?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecf l\u1edbp s\u01a1n \u0111i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd u\u1ed1n: l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t u\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u00f4 men kh\u00e1ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n, chia cho h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. Con s\u1ed1 \u201c8\u201d \u1edf m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c phanh \u00e9p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd u\u1ed1n ba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 \u2014 hai vai khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i ch\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Con s\u1ed1 0.012 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 khu\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, lo\u1ea1i u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ebfu W<\/strong> tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3. \u00c9p c\u1ee9ng? L\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. U\u1ed1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1y? L\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1c. Thu h\u1eb9p khu\u00f4n t\u1eeb 3\u2033 xu\u1ed1ng 1.5\u2033 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec W<\/strong> b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i n\u00e0y: h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sai s\u00f3t \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra cho th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thi\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c \u00e9p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, g\u00f3c sai l\u1ec7ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Th\u00eam 5 t\u1ea5n. R\u1ed3i 10. L\u00fac n\u00e0y thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cong v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n theo k\u1ecbp. \u0110\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u1edbn l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Qu\u00e1 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p th\u00ec \u1ed3n \u00e0o h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u00e0i 10 foot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 250 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i 190. N\u1ebfu nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 260 v\u00ec Fy<\/strong> cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 W<\/strong> ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 $10,000 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 sai. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u00e0n m\u00e1y cong \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 300 t\u1ea5n ch\u1ea1y \u1edf 320 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cx\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Con s\u1ed1 30% \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ca u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 90 t\u1ea5n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ca u\u1ed1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1y h\u01a1n 260 t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m A36 d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V 8\u00d7t. C\u00f9ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u00e9p thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ed1ng. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u: u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch \u1edf 90\u00b0, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 92 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 10 foot. L\u1ea7n sau: anh ta c\u1ed1 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn khi hai ch\u00e2n chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua 240 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ed1t con s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd coi u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3, \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf m\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ctinh ch\u1ec9nh.\u201d N\u00f3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n V, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ca s\u1eeda khu\u00f4n $10,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m d\u00e0y 10 mm n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n V 80 mm. Quy t\u1eafc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n 8\u00d7t. B\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 n\u00f3. Ch\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u1edf trung t\u00e2m. T\u1ea5m ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n \u1edf hai vai. Ba \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u00e0y, l\u00ean t\u1ea1i hai vai, m\u00f4 men u\u1ed1n \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n P = k \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 Fy<\/strong> \/ W gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1n trong kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean SPCC v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m m\u1ec1m cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u01a1n. Khi ch\u00e0y h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo lan r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1ecfi \u201cv\u00f9ng cho ph\u00e9p\u201d v\u00e0 b\u00f2 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n. Ph\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u00eam \u1edf ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00eam 20\u201330% so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do to\u00e1n sai, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V t\u1eeb 80 mm l\u00ean 100 mm v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m 10 mm. C\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2014 gi\u1ea3m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 20% l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong t\u0103ng 15\u201317%, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai vai. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc cho b\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng tay kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thu h\u1eb9p khu\u00f4n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a W. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00ec l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c chia cho di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vai khu\u00f4n b\u1ecb m\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1eb9t d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u201ctrong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n V. Ch\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i theo g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i l\u00f2 xo l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh, r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c9p \u0111\u00e1y th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 men u\u1ed1n \u1edf nh\u1ecbp gi\u1eefa n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t trong ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng. Ma s\u00e1t t\u0103ng. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo t\u0103ng \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p 2\u20133 l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m tr\u00ean ba \u0111i\u1ec3m. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u00e0o khoang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 90 t\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00e2n 2.5 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t 225 t\u1ea5n. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 20% v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 th\u00e9p \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 270 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 250 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3. Khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ghi t\u1ed1i \u0111a 240.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam 6 mm s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00ean: trong P = k \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 Fy \/ W<\/strong> h\u1ecd nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. H\u1ecd tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Fy. H\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c W<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n trong gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ebb c\u1ed1 \u201cl\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u201d b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eb7n t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u00f3c trong tr\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 u\u1ed1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng xu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng xu \u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 cong. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00e9n d\u1ebbo c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1i. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t = L\u1ef1c \/ Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. M\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00e1p l\u1ef1c.\u201d N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t khung 300 t\u1ea5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y r\u00e8n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0n m\u00e1y b\u1ecb cong v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n h\u1ee7y c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 $10.000 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec b\u1ea3ng tra tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed9t mang t\u00ean \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c lan t\u1ecfa \u2014 hay t\u1eadp trung \u2014 b\u00ean trong c\u1ed1i V nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ma thu\u1eadt n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c 90 t\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 90 t\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 10\u2011gauge, d\u00e0i 10 feet, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u00e1y. B\u1ea3ng tra tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ghi 8,4 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot khi u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u1ed1i V 1,125\u2033. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 84 t\u1ea5n. G\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. An to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1eaft g\u00f3c,\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u0103ng l\u00ean qu\u00e1 200 t\u1ea5n. C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u2014 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a (UTS)<\/strong>, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n \u2014 theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 90 t\u1ea5n kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa 270 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n: vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9c, th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb nh\u1eadp s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c F = (k \u00d7 L \u00d7 t\u00b2) \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng milim\u00e9t. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng inch. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng foot. M\u00e1y \u00e9p r\u00ean l\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00e8n ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 25,4 milim\u00e9t trong m\u1ed9t inch. B\u1ecf qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ki\u1ec3u 5% \u0111\u00e2u. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch g\u1ea5p 25,4 l\u1ea7n t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean b\u00ean trong t\u00b2<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eabu s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00e0y: ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2014 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 theo inch v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 theo milim\u00e9t v\u00e0 kilonewton \u2014 r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0: P = 650 \u00d7 t\u00b2<\/strong> \u00d7 L \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 650 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 450 N\/mm\u00b2 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu sai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n 20% c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i 200% hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y xem ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n (mill cert) c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 400 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 550 N\/mm\u00b2 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e1c th\u00e9p v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n. H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng 450 N\/mm\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch 22% \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb duy nh\u1ea5t: th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ef1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a (UTS)<\/strong> l\u00e0 540 N\/mm\u00b2 v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 450, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf = L\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u00d7 ( UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> \/ UTS_c\u01a1 s\u1edf ) = F_t\u00ednh \u00d7 (540 \/ 450) = F_t\u00ednh \u00d7 1.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fa u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed 84 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 101 t\u1ea5n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i khu\u00f4n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 Austenitic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p 1.5 l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y theo m\u00e1c th\u00e9p. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch 3\u00d7 trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n \u2014 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y c\u1eaft laser c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e9p c\u1eaft, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_kh\u00ed = 650 \u00d7 t\u00b2<\/strong> \u00d7 L \/ V \u00d7 ( UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> \/ 450 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n v\u1eabn \u0111ang gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033. Quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7t g\u1ee3i \u00fd khu\u00f4n V\u2011die 2\u2033. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a 100% tr\u00ean CNC v\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cao c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y soi r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef V<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng V 1,5\u2033 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t b\u1ea1n v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ef1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi V<\/strong>. Gi\u1ea3m V xu\u1ed1ng 25%, v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 33%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng V<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 co l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qua cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 theo gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c9p khu\u00f4n h\u1eb9p r\u1ed3i \u00e9p ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y chi ti\u1ebft? Gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea7m qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khoang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_t\u1ed5ng = P_kh\u00f4ng_kh\u00ed \u00d7 ( UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong> \/ 450 ) \u00d7 ( V_c\u01a1_s\u1edf \/ V_th\u1ef1c<\/strong> ) \u00d7 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng_ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng_ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecf qua thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i vai khu\u00f4n ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y phanh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u201cd\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t\u201d. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecdc 180 t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ec1 l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u2014 v\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p V<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y \u00e9p phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo hai c\u00e1ch: t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edb c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Khung m\u00e1y h\u1ecfng l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng ngang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh: m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n t\u1ea3i \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y trong d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y \u00e9p phanh CN-HAWE<\/a>\u2014 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ghi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ra 120 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n d\u00e0i 4 foot. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 30 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y phanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 150 t\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 25 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot \u1edf chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean ghi \u201c150\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh \u2014 m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u00f5ng ch\u1eadm l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9 song song v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1n $18.000 cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00eam l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00e0y: h\u00e3y chia P_total<\/strong> cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn s\u01a1n b\u00ean h\u00f4ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m trong 10% c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u1ed5n\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng sai s\u1ed1 20% \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n, v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng khi u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u2014 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady khi c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n tr\u00ean s\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m xong ph\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. UTS \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n trung th\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. Con s\u1ed1 cho ra 80 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y phanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e9p ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba va ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1eady. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sai; n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01b0 x\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ch\u00e0y \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u201cph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sai s\u1ed1 30% c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2014 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau theo m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2014 d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi th\u00e9p ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n. U\u1ed1n song song v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3, kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. U\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e3n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed 80 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 3\/8\u2033, t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 100 t\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xoay ph\u00f4i 90 \u0111\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng thay khu\u00f4n. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng_h\u1ea1t<\/strong>, v\u00e0 trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ef1c v\u1eabn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, n\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_th\u1ef1c = P_t\u00ednh \u00d7 ( UTS_hi\u1ec7u_d\u1ee5ng \/ UTS_chu\u1ea9n<\/strong> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1t khi\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam 20\u201340% cho l\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eeba b\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1t l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea7n \u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 100 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khung \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5c \u00e9p $78,500 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u00ean ph\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ed1 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u201cc\u1eaft v\u00e0o\u201d m\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sai ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng qua m\u1ed9t cung r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1edbp d\u1ebbo h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u2014 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung n\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, th\u01b0\u1eddng 20\u201330% v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n V, v\u00ec tham s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P = 650 \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 L \/ V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7t trong u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00f3c ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n. H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady \u2014 tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i n\u00e0y: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1\u00d7t, h\u00e3y coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thay ch\u00e0y b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u201d m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ghi 90 t\u1ea5n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1m 115. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ecfng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vai c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f5m nh\u1eb9 (brinelling) sau m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u2014 nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft l\u00f5m nh\u1ecf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng khu\u00f4n $9.600 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec sau khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n. Ch\u00fang \u201cnh\u1edb\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (springback) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i sau khi b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ef1c. V\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 g\u00f3c th\u00eam 10\u201315% trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang 90 \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ebbo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_overbend = P_air \u00d7 ( UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \/ 450 ) \u00d7 M_springback<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3 M_springback<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1.10\u20131.15 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u2014 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u00f3a b\u1ec1n do bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m: khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00e0y \u0103n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, ma s\u00e1t t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ed1c \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra sau g\u00f3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho 90 \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. N\u00f3 d\u1eebng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u: u\u1ed1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi th\u1edb, d\u00f9ng ch\u00e0y b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. M\u1ed7i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 \u201ckho\u1ea3ng\u201d 10\u201330%. Nh\u01b0ng khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u2014 ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n 80 t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 100 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sai v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 t\u1ea3i v\u1eabn sai, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tin v\u00e0o h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a 100% tr\u00ean CNC v\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cao c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (panel bender)<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ebft g\u00ec khi n\u00f3 b\u1ebb g\u00e3y \u0111\u00f4i khu\u00f4n $10.000. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u201c\u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n\u201d \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng u\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c trong m\u1ed9t s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edfng: l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n, b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb, v\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00fac x\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tung, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a 100% tr\u00ean CNC v\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cao c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1o r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y h\u00e0n laser<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khung h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi<\/em> m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ea5m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9t, c\u1eaft g\u00f3c, v\u00e0 x\u00e9n m\u00e9p \u1edf kh\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y \u0111a n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u2014 nh\u01b0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE \u2014 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 u\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ironworker<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean s\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CNC 100% v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p trong c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, r\u00e3nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e9n, n\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cu\u1ed1n th\u1eed\u201d c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 450 N\/mm\u00b2 \u2014 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e9p crom-moly c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi g\u1ea5p 2,0 l\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u00f4m m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 0,5 l\u1ea7n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 4 l\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u1ea9n trong m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i \u201cu\u1ed1n th\u1eed\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1n th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 \u2014 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u1ef1c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng 8\u00d7t. C\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Gi\u1eef b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kho\u1ea3ng 50% \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn cho g\u00f3c 90\u00b0. Theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_calc = 650 \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 L \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 m\u00e1y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p 1,3 l\u1ea7n \u1edf n\u1eeda h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_actual \u2248 P_calc \u00d7 ( UTS_actual \/ UTS_chu\u1ea9n<\/strong> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c cho UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ecbu chi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p trong l\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 g\u1ea5p trong chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u01b0 x\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y c\u1eaft t\u1ea5m<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: g\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m, 90\u00b0, khu\u00f4n m\u1edf. \u1ed4n. L\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai: m\u00e9p g\u1eadp cao, chi ti\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac vai khu\u00f4n theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. L\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 ba: gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y l\u0103n t\u1ea5m<\/a> t\u1eeb CN-HAWE \u2014 song song v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c \u00e9p \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau. Khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u0103n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n: l\u1ef1c \u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 g\u00f3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P = 650 \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 L \/ V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng V v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c m\u00e9p cao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn V<\/strong> b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p khi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o trong. V\u00e0 khi V<\/strong> b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 \u201c5\u2033 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec V<\/strong> b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady th\u00ec khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. U\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. Khu\u00f4n 8\u00d7t. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p n\u01a1i h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ghi \u0111\u00e8 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p = P_kh\u00ed \u00d7 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 1,3 khi u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, 2\u00d7\u20135\u00d7 khi d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y, v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eadp \u00e9p. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, th\u00ec th\u00f3i quen n\u00e0o gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n b\u1edfi ch\u00fang?<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chung chung, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n CNC, logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c brochure v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: T\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c brochure k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1<\/a>. C\u00f3 s\u1eb5n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong tay gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>, V<\/strong>, v\u00e0 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u00edt ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd l\u00e0: an to\u00e0n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n con s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c ghi nh\u1edb con s\u1ed1 650. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u quan s\u00e1t UTS_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong>, V<\/strong>, v\u00e0 M_ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tay h\u1ecd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y h\u1ecfi ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Ba bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai s\u1ed1 30% b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0o trong chu\u1ed7i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c \u00e9p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng h\u1ecfi, \u201cBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec?\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi, \u201cBi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o s\u1eafp t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn?\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thanh th\u00e9p A36 d\u00e0i 10 foot, d\u00e0y 1\/4 inch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 139 t\u1ea5n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i sang m\u1ee9c 300 t\u1ea5n ch\u00f3i tai ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V 3 inch b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n 1,5 inch. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 115%. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ecf t\u00fai [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1320","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1320"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1320\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1325,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1320\/revisions\/1325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1320"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1320"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1320"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 0.012 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u2014 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"H\u1eb1ng](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Where-the-0.012-constant-actually-comes-from\u2014and-what-it-quietly-assumes_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nR\u1ee7i ro th\u1eadt s\u1ef1: Ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u do l\u1ef1c \u00e9p thi\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y do l\u1ef1c \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"R\u1ee7i](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-real-risk-Under-tonnage-scrap-vs.-over-tonnage-machine-damage_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nV\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V: T\u1ea1i sao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n l\u00ean l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n: V\u00ec sao h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"Ph\u00e2n](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Force-distribution-across-the-die-width-Why-geometry-dictates-load_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nU\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 vs. \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c 3 l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u1ea2o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng xu: B\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i hay n\u00e9n n\u00f3?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady (T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u2014 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m x\u1ea3y ra sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c g\u1ea5p 25,4 l\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a (UTS), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u201cth\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n khi bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n V h\u1eb9p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Khi To\u00e1n H\u1ecdc S\u1ee5p \u0110\u1ed5: Nh\u1eefng Bi\u1ebfn S\u1ed1 \u1ea8n L\u00e0m T\u0103ng \u0110\u1ed9t Bi\u1ebfn T\u1ea5n L\u1ef1c Khi U\u1ed1n Gi\u1eefa Ch\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n h\u1ea1t: Li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y b\u1ecb d\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i gi\u1eefa d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eafc: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback): L\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Khung ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 (C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn u\u1ed1n th\u1eed)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft g\u1ea5p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ghi \u0111\u00e8 n\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: Ng\u1eebng ghi nh\u1edb h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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