Li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n h\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n![\"Li\u1ec7u](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Is-a-bad-bend-really-a-skill-problem-or-a-fundamental-mismatch_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nH\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao\u2014ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Chi\u1ebfc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n\u2014t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y kia. C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng trong khung m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2\u20133 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 A36, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c coi c\u1ea3 hai m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cchi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 c\u1eeda l\u1edbn\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra: b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n h\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u00f4i tay v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cH\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n![\""H\u1ecdc](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-learning-press-brake-work-actually-means-vs.-what-beginners-assume-it-means_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda xe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 s\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ed7i b\u1ed1n n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch 0,3 \u0111\u1ed9. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ram, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khung m\u00e1y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh: l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n \u00d7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u00d7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1eaft laser v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c thay c\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf ch\u1eef V \u0111i 2 milim\u00e9t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p \u0111i hai \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kim lo\u1ea1i\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau kinh nghi\u1ec7m. G\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin hay vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nN\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, v\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp v\u00e0 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n![\"T\u1ea1i](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-operator-muscle-and-brute-force-are-the-last-variables-you-should-rely-on_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 t\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 b\u1ebb cong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00e0 beng qua \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Vai c\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng. H\u00e0m b\u1ea1nh ra. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi ram (ch\u00e0y) ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f4i tay b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2n trong ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn n\u00f3, d\u1eadm ch\u00e2n l\u00ean n\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u1ea7m kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u2014n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n khao kh\u00e1t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean\u2014c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngay kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p kim, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3nh V c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 b\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4i tay b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n: B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ch\u00e2n l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n V 24 mm. D\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t. Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 10. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ckho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i. T\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00ean 6 mm v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n\u2014b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong m\u00e1y v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang \u201cu\u1ed1n th\u00e9p\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: ram di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. B\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lan t\u1ecfa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tay b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, h\u00e3y ng\u1eebng nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i \u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y: Hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t ram khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n d\u00e0i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 8 feet th\u00e9p 4 mm. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u1edf t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m ch\u1ecbu \u00edt l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed3ng (crowning).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd khung m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ram l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong. M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ea7u; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o t\u1ea3i l\u00ean khung m\u00e1y theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7m v\u1eabn b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ram truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khung m\u00e1y ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu ram d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf t\u00e2m. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng (gibs) b\u1ecb m\u00f2n\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap ram di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eb3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng, ram b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y 200 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed5 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1eef\u201d d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y trong kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp theo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i: T\u1ea1i sao h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p, m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i V 12 mm v\u00e0 thay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1i V 16 mm. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending), t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 hai vai c\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh. G\u00f3c m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00c9p nhanh h\u01a1n. \u00c9p ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. H\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u201cb\u1ebb\u201d kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp g\u00f3c. V\u1edbi r\u00e3nh V r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo sang \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p c\u1ed1i V \u0111i 2 mm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p \u0111i hai \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i; g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam s\u1eafc h\u01a1n (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n) t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c vung. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam c\u00f9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c lan t\u1ecfa ra. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vung m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1eeda n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1i n\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady n\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i khoe khoang v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y\u201d (bottoming) nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (Air Bending) so v\u1edbi U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (Bottoming): Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c th\u00f4 h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t: u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n V 24 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hai: u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y trong khu\u00f4n kh\u00edt, n\u01a1i ch\u00e0y \u00e9p t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f2n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y? D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u1ea5p ba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m l\u1ea7n con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ba \u0111i\u1ec3m. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cung tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) x\u1ea3y ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \"\u1ee7i\" v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c \u00e9p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c th\u00f4 h\u01a1n\u2014u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u2014l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u2014v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb9 v\u00ec anh ta ngh\u0129 \u201cc\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y, khi\u1ebfn khung m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng \u00e9p \u00edt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c \u00e9p, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng\u2014ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn gi\u00e2y khi kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu thua v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: Kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u khi b\u1ea1n \u00e9p n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n x\u1ea3y ra\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang gi\u00e3n ra \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y nh\u1ea5n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u2014gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay \u0111\u1ea7u. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo lan r\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a\u2014ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u01b0? Tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111i. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u01b0? \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qua m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb cong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a: ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. V\u1ec7t tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1edbi kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nGi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaby T\u1ea5n L\u1ef1c: T\u1ea1i sao kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u201cnhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o hay bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n qua ch\u00e0y, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. C\u00e1c xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c (ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt me servo tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean. Khung m\u00e1y gi\u00e3n ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4. B\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c l\u00e0m ca hai l\u1ea5y th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 6 mm v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c th\u00f4i.\u201d C\u1eadu ta th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadu ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u01b0\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111ang r\u00ean r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ed1i V ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ea5y th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 3 mm. \u0110\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i V 24 mm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i c\u0169\u2014kho\u1ea3ng 8 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do (air bending). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 sang c\u1ed1i V 12 mm v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u201cmu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. V\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t\u2014l\u1ef1c chia cho di\u1ec7n t\u00edch\u2014t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u221d (\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u00b2) \u00f7 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1eabu s\u1ed1. Gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V, b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 50 t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V 24 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khi d\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V 12 mm\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngay gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, khung m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n sai l\u1ec7ch hai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Tr\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n. N\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng theo b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m khi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n t\u0103ng l\u00ean\u2014h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1edbt l\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u201cc\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng: Hai l\u1ed7i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Khi l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5 tung nh\u01b0 trong phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, khung m\u00e1y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n\u2014ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i micron, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ram b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1edf. B\u1ea1n ch\u00eam th\u00eam. B\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1c l\u00f3t, ph\u1edbt xi lanh. M\u00e1y m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng\u2014ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cho khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn\u2014v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo qua \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n b\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anh ta \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? Anh ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p A36 sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. C\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y. L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho \u201cm\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ed3i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1eef d\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng; thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 dao c\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m d\u00e0y 4 mm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ee9t\u2014n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n cong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb g\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t th\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1i b\u1eaby v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t si\u00eau nh\u1ecf. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \"\u00e9p\" m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong khi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong 1 mm t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 5 mm ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 mm. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n\u2014s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 s\u1ebd u\u1ed1n cong hay b\u1ecb g\u00e3y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- Th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 A36 d\u00e0y 3 mm<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n 1 m\u00e9t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- C\u1ed1i V 24 mm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea con s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 50 t\u1ea5n, 2 m\u00e9t\u2014v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c CN-HAWE v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 50 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft, T\u1edd r\u01a1i<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 3 mm. Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 1 m\u00e9t. Chuy\u1ec3n sang khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V 12 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 40 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 3 mm \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eabn khu\u00f4n 24 mm \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n, l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 30\u201350% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee9c 20 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 28 ho\u1eb7c 30 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 25 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu can \u0111\u1ea3m. M\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edbp nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc b\u1eaby. H\u1ecd coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1edbn ghi tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n m\u00e1y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chia cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ecd coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe b\u00e1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p cho n\u00f3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh: m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CN-HAWE<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a khung v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o theo quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, \u0110i\u1ec7n hay C\u01a1 kh\u00ed? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 \u0111ang quay th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u. M\u1ed9t khi ly h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, hai xi lanh \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00e0n m\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. L\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch piston.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n servo \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u00edt me bi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111o m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ph\u00f4i. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i. Ba c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba xem x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1, b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, th\u00ec to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. L\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi (v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. B\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edbn k\u00eau o o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1. C\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 2 mm. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V 20 mm. C\u00f9ng c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau. L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ed5n. L\u00f4 th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec sao? B\u1ecb u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i? C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u201csi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n\u201d. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 xuy\u00ean qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00ec m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n (springback). Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ngay khi l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f2n an to\u00e0n th\u00ec sao? M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lao xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00fang y\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Khi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u1eady c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i sang m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? M\u00e1y servo \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 0,5 gi\u00e2y. Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat l\u00ean. M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho chu k\u1ef3 nhanh h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 c\u1eadu \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c van t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi milim\u00e9t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u1ea1m vi micron. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh u\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 12 mm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n m\u00e1y d\u00e0i, th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00ec c\u00e1c xi-lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CNC 100% v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p trong c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, r\u00e3nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e9n, n\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba: h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u201cm\u1ec1m h\u01a1n\u201d v\u00ec d\u1ea7u n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p k\u00edn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thay th\u1ebf th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. L\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu. Thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam 0,3 mm \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh thay v\u00ec n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng dung sai thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nNh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng dung h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p Hybrid: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c m\u00e1y Hybrid s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u01a1m v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n? V\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c xi lanh \u0111\u1ea9y ram. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch piston \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u00e9p (tonnage). L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hybrid l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf mua m\u00e1y Hybrid v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd l\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y \u00eam h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y Hybrid kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 (Mechanical brakes) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o gu\u1ed3ng. B\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00f9m\u2014ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n n\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh, ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n khi g\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u00e9p, gi\u1eef, r\u1ed3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (encoder) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m milimet su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y\u2014n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n (Electrics) t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cao. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 van. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb servo \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean g\u00f3c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0n m\u00e1y l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec 250 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. M\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra hai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng: l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ecdn sai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 v\u00ec chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i cho nh\u00f4m 1 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014\u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, trong ph\u1ea1m vi dung sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi ram (b\u00faa ch\u1ea5n) quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \"n\u00f3i\" xong. N\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (Springback): Khi kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m y\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang: n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m milim\u00e9t, t\u1ea1i sao g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi ram quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ed1i V, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean trong b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u2014 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2014 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y thun b\u1ecb k\u00e9o c\u0103ng \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n. Ngay khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m m\u1edf g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c ba \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00fa b\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o khi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, c\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ram \u0111i l\u00ean. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh 92 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e1y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \"c\u00e2u n\u00f3i\" c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau khi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u1eebng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc c\u1ed1t ghi t\u00e2m: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sau khi d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a qua m\u00e9p b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea9y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea3 tay ra, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1eadt m\u1edf. \u0110\u1ea9y n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 90 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea3 tay ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i \u201cqu\u00e1\u201d \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (Overbending): B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qu\u00e1 90 \u0111\u1ed9 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o 90 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 90 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n nh\u1eafm v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i xa bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2014 m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m A36 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304? Hai, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n t\u00edch tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu thua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch \u1edf m\u1ee9c 88 \u0111\u1ed9 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh 90 \u0111\u1ed9. Thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee9 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. N\u0103m chi ti\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i 2,5 \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 92,5 \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong: khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 khi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. U\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00ean th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111o chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o g\u00f3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ram cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc u\u1ed1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Crowning (\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng): \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u00e2m m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb cong d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i, ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng nh\u1eb9 \u1edf t\u00e2m v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khung m\u00e1y h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c 200 t\u1ea5n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 89 \u0111\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u2014 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 92 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 94 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng crowning \u2014 c\u00e1c n\u00eam c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc theo b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u2014 s\u1ebd t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n m\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 khi ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng crowning khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n d\u00e0i, n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u201cg\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc d\u00e0i 2 m\u00e9t v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n m\u00e1y. L\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u00ec sai. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn: \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u u\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u u\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi c\u00e1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i qua m\u00e1y c\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1edb d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n. U\u1ed1n song song v\u1edbi th\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i. U\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n c\u1eaft ngang qua ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebb c\u1ee7i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ebb theo th\u1edb, g\u1ed7 t\u00e1ch ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ebb ngang th\u1edb, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (springback) c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n xoay 90 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n. L\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ra g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n \u2014 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eb9 h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \"n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\" b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t sau khi ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n nh\u1ea3 ra?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m khi u\u1ed1n xong th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. Khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngoan ngo\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0ng khi ram n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 3 mm sang t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra ba \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1eady c\u00e1i n\u00e0o n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u00e0ng cao, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i sau khi d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: ngay c\u1ea3 khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0 l\u00e0: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u2014 hay b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p s\u1ebd c\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp: h\u00e3y ng\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u201cmi\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00edch tr\u1eef bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i trong h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y n\u00e0y?\u201d \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 hay t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ch\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ef1c, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u coi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft khung m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n bao nhi\u00eau \u1edf m\u1ee9c 180 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 8 feet. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vai khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n 0,2 mm \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft theo th\u1edb hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edb. B\u1ea1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0: m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y v\u00e0 n\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ea1n d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u201cG\u00f3c u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (overbend) \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 \u201cu\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i\u201d \u2014 h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111ang u\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i,\u201d b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 sai r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam (ch\u00e0y) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (khu\u00f4n V), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y (ram v\u00e0 khung m\u00e1y), \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng h\u1eb9p trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xung quanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1eafp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y, \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. C\u1eadu ta th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee1i. C\u1eadu ta \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho th\u00e9p. T\u00f4i th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. Khu\u00f4n V kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 16 mm thay v\u00ec 20 mm. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadu ta ng\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 v\u1eadt tay v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9 dao. C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb. C\u00f9ng quy t\u1eafc m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m \u2014 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh). C\u00f9ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y. Ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ri\u00eang cho x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ed5 tay. M\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nM\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec \u201cu\u1ed1n,\u201d vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 90 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y n\u00f3i, \u201cTrong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 b\u1ecb h\u1edb. H\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot cho \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n V \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Ki\u1ec3m tra xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c 80% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng (crowning) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bend) hay ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) \u2014 \u0111\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 80%? B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo h\u00e0m phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ram tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 m\u00e1ng d\u00e0i v\u00ec c\u1ed1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1i kia. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00f9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sai th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CNC x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec ch\u00fang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gian l\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp (coining) v\u00e0 khung m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 khung n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (overbend). C\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra ba \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t khi d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ea7m trung ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u1eadp. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n mang theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 u\u1ed1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111ang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y c\u1eaft laser<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y c\u1eaft t\u1ea5m<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (panel bender)<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y h\u00e0n laser<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y l\u1ed1c t\u00f4n<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y soi r\u00e3nh ch\u1eef V<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, M\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eadp s\u1eaft (ironworker)<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 90 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9. Anh \u1ea5y nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cc\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n tr\u01b0a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1437,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions\/1437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nH\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung hai chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao\u2014ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i nhanh, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Chi\u1ebfc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n\u2014t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y kia. C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng trong khung m\u00e1y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304, lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 2\u20133 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 A36, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u1ec7c coi c\u1ea3 hai m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cchi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 c\u1eeda l\u1edbn\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra: b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n h\u1ecfng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201c\u0111\u00f4i tay v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng\u201d, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda xe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 s\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong chu\u1ed7i b\u1ed1n n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch 0,3 \u0111\u1ed9. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ram, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n khung m\u00e1y c\u0169ng b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh: l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n \u00d7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u00d7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1eaft laser v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c thay c\u1ed1i l\u00e0m thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf ch\u1eef V \u0111i 2 milim\u00e9t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p \u0111i hai \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00e2n t\u00f4i b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kim lo\u1ea1i\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau kinh nghi\u1ec7m. G\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin hay vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang, v\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 t\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ed1 b\u1ebb cong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00e0 beng qua \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i. Vai c\u0103ng c\u1ee9ng. H\u00e0m b\u1ea1nh ra. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi ram (ch\u00e0y) ch\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f4i tay b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2n trong ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn n\u00f3, d\u1eadm ch\u00e2n l\u00ean n\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u1ea7m kh\u00edch l\u1ec7\u2014n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n khao kh\u00e1t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean\u2014c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n\u2014b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, h\u1ee3p kim, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3nh V c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1y, c\u01a1 b\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh; s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4i tay b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ch\u00e2n l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n V 24 mm. D\u00e0i m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t. Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 10. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ckho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3\u201d. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i. T\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00ean 6 mm v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n\u2014b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong m\u00e1y v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang \u201cu\u1ed1n th\u00e9p\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: ram di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. B\u1ed1n m\u1ea3nh th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 lan t\u1ecfa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tay b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n, h\u00e3y ng\u1eebng nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i \u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t ram khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n d\u00e0i\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 8 feet th\u00e9p 4 mm. Khi n\u00f3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u1edf t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m ch\u1ecbu \u00edt l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed3ng (crowning).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd khung m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ram l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong. M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ea7u; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o t\u1ea3i l\u00ean khung m\u00e1y theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7m v\u1eabn b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ram truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khung m\u00e1y ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu ram d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf t\u00e2m. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng (gibs) b\u1ecb m\u00f2n\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00fap ram di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eb3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng, ram b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y 200 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ec3m tra g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed5 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1eef\u201d d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y trong kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp theo?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i V 12 mm v\u00e0 thay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1i V 16 mm. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao? B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending), t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 hai vai c\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh. G\u00f3c m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c9p nhanh h\u01a1n. \u00c9p ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n. H\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ebd \u201cb\u1ebb\u201d kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp g\u00f3c. V\u1edbi r\u00e3nh V r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n. S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo sang \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p c\u1ed1i V \u0111i 2 mm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1eb9p \u0111i hai \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i; g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam s\u1eafc h\u01a1n (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n) t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c vung. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam c\u00f9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c lan t\u1ecfa ra. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vung m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1eeda n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1i n\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, g\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady n\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i khoe khoang v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y\u201d (bottoming) nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t: u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n V 24 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hai: u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y trong khu\u00f4n kh\u00edt, n\u01a1i ch\u00e0y \u00e9p t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f2n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y? D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u1ea5p ba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m l\u1ea7n con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ba \u0111i\u1ec3m. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t cung tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) x\u1ea3y ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \"\u1ee7i\" v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c \u00e9p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c th\u00f4 h\u01a1n\u2014u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u2014l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u2014v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb9 v\u00ec anh ta ngh\u0129 \u201cc\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y, khi\u1ebfn khung m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1ecdi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng \u00e9p \u00edt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c \u00e9p, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng\u2014ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn gi\u00e2y khi kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu thua v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n x\u1ea3y ra\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang gi\u00e3n ra \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1eb7t trong, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y nh\u1ea5n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u2014gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay \u0111\u1ea7u. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo lan r\u1ed9ng qua \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a\u2014ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u01b0? Tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111i. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n \u01b0? \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qua m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb cong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a: ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. V\u1ec7t tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1edbi kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e9p k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n khi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o hay bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n qua ch\u00e0y, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. C\u00e1c xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c (ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt me servo tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean. Khung m\u00e1y gi\u00e3n ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4. B\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c l\u00e0m ca hai l\u1ea5y th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 6 mm v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c th\u00f4i.\u201d C\u1eadu ta th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1eadu ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u01b0\u1eddi chi ti\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111ang r\u00ean r\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea5y th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 3 mm. \u0110\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i V 24 mm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i c\u0169\u2014kho\u1ea3ng 8 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do (air bending). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 sang c\u1ed1i V 12 mm v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u201cmu\u1ed1n n\u00f3 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. V\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t\u2014l\u1ef1c chia cho di\u1ec7n t\u00edch\u2014t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u221d (\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u00b2) \u00f7 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1eabu s\u1ed1. Gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V, b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 50 t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V 24 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khi d\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V 12 mm\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ngay gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, khung m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng, g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n sai l\u1ec7ch hai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Tr\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5n. N\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng theo b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m khi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n t\u0103ng l\u00ean\u2014h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00e2n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n ph\u1edbt l\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u201cc\u1ee9 l\u00e0m t\u1edbi \u0111i\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5 tung nh\u01b0 trong phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, khung m\u00e1y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n\u2014ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i micron, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ram b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1edf. B\u1ea1n ch\u00eam th\u00eam. B\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1c l\u00f3t, ph\u1edbt xi lanh. M\u00e1y m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng\u2014ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c cho khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn\u2014v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ram \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ebbo qua \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback) nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n b\u00f9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh ta \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? Anh ta chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p A36 sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. C\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y. L\u1ed7i thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho \u201cm\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ed3i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u1eef d\u1eb1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng; thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u0169i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 dao c\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m d\u00e0y 4 mm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n nh\u1edb s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng? B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ee9t\u2014n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n cong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u1eb9p gi\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebb g\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t th\u00ec \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1i b\u1eaby v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n. L\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n cho c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t si\u00eau nh\u1ecf. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cn\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \"\u00e9p\" m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong khi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong 1 mm t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 5 mm ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 1 mm. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5n\u2014s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 s\u1ebd u\u1ed1n cong hay b\u1ecb g\u00e3y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea con s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 50 t\u1ea5n, 2 m\u00e9t\u2014v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c CN-HAWE v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 50 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c, d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft, T\u1edd r\u01a1i<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 3 mm. Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 1 m\u00e9t. Chuy\u1ec3n sang khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V 12 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 40 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u201cy\u00eau c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 3 mm \u0111\u00f3. V\u1eabn khu\u00f4n 24 mm \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n, l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 30\u201350% so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee9c 20 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 28 ho\u1eb7c 30 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 25 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an to\u00e0n n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu can \u0111\u1ea3m. M\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edbp nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc b\u1eaby. H\u1ecd coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1edbn ghi tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n m\u00e1y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng chia cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecd coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc xe b\u00e1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e9p cho n\u00f3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh: m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e1y tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CN-HAWE<\/a>, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a khung v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o theo quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 \u0111ang quay th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u. M\u1ed9t khi ly h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng, b\u00e0n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, hai xi lanh \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00e0n m\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. L\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch piston.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n servo \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c v\u00edt me bi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quay th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111o m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ph\u00f4i. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i. Ba c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba xem x\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1, b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, th\u00ec to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. L\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u2014s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. B\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 l\u1edbn k\u00eau o o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1. C\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 2 mm. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V 20 mm. C\u00f9ng c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau. L\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ed5n. L\u00f4 th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec sao? B\u1ecb u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n hai \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i? C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u201csi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n\u201d. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi. Tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 xuy\u00ean qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao khu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00ec m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n (springback). Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ngay khi l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eed l\u1ea1i. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f2n an to\u00e0n th\u00ec sao? M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lao xu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00fang y\u1ebfu. Ch\u00fang l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Khi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc li\u00ean k\u1ebft, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu h\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady c\u00e1i g\u00ec thay th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2?<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i sang m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu \u1ea5y b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? M\u00e1y servo \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 0,5 gi\u00e2y. Th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00fat l\u00ean. M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho chu k\u1ef3 nhanh h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngay. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 c\u1eadu \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi gian \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c van t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi milim\u00e9t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u1ea1m vi micron. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh u\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 12 mm tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n m\u00e1y d\u00e0i, th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00ec c\u00e1c xi-lanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a CN-HAWE d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CNC 100% v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p trong c\u1eaft laser, u\u1ed1n, r\u00e3nh, v\u00e0 x\u00e9n, n\u1ebfu b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169, Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba: h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u201cm\u1ec1m h\u01a1n\u201d v\u00ec d\u1ea7u n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p k\u00edn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thay th\u1ebf th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3 mm b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. L\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n thi\u1ebfu. Thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam 0,3 mm \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u1eebng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 hai ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh thay v\u00ec n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng dung sai thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng dung h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c m\u00e1y Hybrid s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 servo \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c xi lanh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u01a1m v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n? V\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c xi lanh \u0111\u1ea9y ram. B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch piston \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u00e9p (tonnage). L\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Hybrid l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf mua m\u00e1y Hybrid v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u201cgi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd l\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi ch\u1ea1y \u00eam h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y Hybrid kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 6 mm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00f3 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 (Mechanical brakes) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o gu\u1ed3ng. B\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00f9m\u2014ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n n\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7 khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn nhanh, ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n khi g\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u00e9p, gi\u1eef, r\u1ed3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (encoder) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m milimet su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y\u2014n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n (Electrics) t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cao. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng d\u1ea7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 van. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb servo \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 m\u1ecfng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean g\u00f3c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0n m\u00e1y l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec 250 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. M\u00e1y c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t ra hai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng: l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ecdn sai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p qua c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 v\u00ec chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i cho nh\u00f4m 1 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014\u00e1p su\u1ea5t, m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, trong ph\u1ea1m vi dung sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi ram (b\u00faa ch\u1ea5n) quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \"n\u00f3i\" xong. N\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang: n\u1ebfu m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m milim\u00e9t, t\u1ea1i sao g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi ram quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ed1i V, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean trong b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u2014 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2014 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y thun b\u1ecb k\u00e9o c\u0103ng \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n. Ngay khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m m\u1edf g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c ba \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fa b\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback).<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o khi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, c\u01b0\u1eddi toe to\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ram \u0111i l\u00ean. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh 92 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. M\u00e1y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \"c\u00e2u n\u00f3i\" c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 sau khi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u1eebng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc c\u1ed1t ghi t\u00e2m: \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sau khi d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a qua m\u00e9p b\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea9y n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea3 tay ra, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1eadt m\u1edf. \u0110\u1ea9y n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 90 \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea3 tay ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1i \u201cqu\u00e1\u201d \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o 90 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 90 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n nh\u1eafm v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i xa bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u2014 m\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m A36 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304? Hai, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n t\u00edch tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu thua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch \u1edf m\u1ee9c 88 \u0111\u1ed9 khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh 90 \u0111\u1ed9. Thay v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee9 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. N\u0103m chi ti\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t x\u1ea5p c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111o l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i 2,5 \u0111\u1ed9, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 92,5 \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong: khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 khi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. U\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 \u00edt th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c l\u00ean th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111o chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o g\u00f3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1. B\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ram cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc u\u1ed1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e1 s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i, ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng nh\u1eb9 \u1edf t\u00e2m v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trung. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t khung m\u00e1y h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c 200 t\u1ea5n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng \u00edt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, hai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 89 \u0111\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u2014 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 92 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 94 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. M\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng crowning \u2014 c\u00e1c n\u00eam c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc theo b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u2014 s\u1ebd t\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n m\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 khi ch\u1ecbu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng crowning khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n d\u00e0i, n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u201cg\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc d\u00e0i 2 m\u00e9t v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n m\u00e1y. L\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u00ec sai. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn: \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u u\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u u\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00e1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i qua m\u00e1y c\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1edb d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n. U\u1ed1n song song v\u1edbi th\u1edb \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i. U\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n c\u1eaft ngang qua ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebb c\u1ee7i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ebb theo th\u1edb, g\u1ed7 t\u00e1ch ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ebb ngang th\u1edb, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (springback) c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u1eabu v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n xoay 90 \u0111\u1ed9 so v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1n. L\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho ra g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb r\u1ed9ng. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n \u2014 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eb9 h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ea3y d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m khi u\u1ed1n xong th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. B\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. Khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngoan ngo\u00e3n. Nh\u01b0ng khi ram n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 3 mm sang t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra ba \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n. Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ef1a \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady c\u00e1i n\u00e0o n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u00e0ng cao, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i sau khi d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: ngay c\u1ea3 khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e0 l\u00e0: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u2014 hay b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p s\u1ebd c\u1ee9 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean \u1edf n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp: h\u00e3y ng\u1eebng h\u1ecfi \u201cmi\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00edch tr\u1eef bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i trong h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y n\u00e0y?\u201d \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 hay t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef khi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ch\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u2014 th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ef1c, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u coi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft khung m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb gi\u00e3n bao nhi\u00eau \u1edf m\u1ee9c 180 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 8 feet. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vai khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n 0,2 mm \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft theo th\u1edb hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edb. B\u1ea1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0: m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y v\u00e0 n\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i khi b\u1ea1n d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u201cG\u00f3c u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (overbend) \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111ang u\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i,\u201d b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m y\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 sai r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam (ch\u00e0y) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khe h\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (khu\u00f4n V), s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y (ram v\u00e0 khung m\u00e1y), \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng h\u1eb9p trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xung quanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1eafp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y, \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. C\u1eadu ta th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee1i. C\u1eadu ta \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho th\u00e9p. T\u00f4i th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. Khu\u00f4n V kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 16 mm thay v\u00ec 20 mm. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1eadu ta ng\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 v\u1eadt tay v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9 dao. C\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb. C\u00f9ng quy t\u1eafc m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m \u2014 m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh). C\u00f9ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y. Ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ri\u00eang cho x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb s\u1ed5 tay. M\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1edfi l\u1ef1c, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec \u201cu\u1ed1n,\u201d vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 90 \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y n\u00f3i, \u201cTrong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 b\u1ecb h\u1edb. H\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 80%? B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a khung m\u00e1y t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo h\u00e0m phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ram tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 m\u00e1ng d\u00e0i v\u00ec c\u1ed1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Hai \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1i kia. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00f9 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ef1c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 sai th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CNC x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00ec ch\u00fang lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gian l\u1eadn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c d\u1eadp (coining) v\u00e0 khung m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2014 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 khung n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (overbend). C\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y b\u1ecb m\u1edf ra ba \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t khi d\u1ea7u n\u00f3ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n t\u1ea7m trung ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y d\u1eadp. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp trong khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n mang theo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 u\u1ed1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y h\u1ecfi: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang u\u1ed1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111ang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hay kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh \u1ea5y th\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 y h\u1ec7t. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 90 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u0169 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1edf ba \u0111\u1ed9. Anh \u1ea5y nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, cho h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cc\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n tr\u01b0a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1433,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1432"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1437,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1432\/revisions\/1437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1433"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u201cH\u1ecdc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nT\u1ea1i sao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1eafp v\u00e0 v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n: B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ram v\u00e0 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y: Hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i: T\u1ea1i sao h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e9p, m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (Air Bending) so v\u1edbi U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (Bottoming): Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n \u00edt l\u1ef1c th\u00f4 h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c: Kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u khi b\u1ea1n \u00e9p n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eaby T\u1ea5n L\u1ef1c: T\u1ea1i sao kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u201cnhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ed1i V ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng: Hai l\u1ed7i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tr\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eafc h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c, \u0110i\u1ec7n hay C\u01a1 kh\u00ed? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi (v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi \u0110i\u1ec7n: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p Hybrid: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (Springback): Khi kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m y\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
U\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (Overbending): B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qu\u00e1 90 \u0111\u1ed9 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Crowning (\u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng): \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u00e2m m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb cong d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
H\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \"n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\" b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t sau khi ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n nh\u1ea3 ra?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 \u201cu\u1ed1n kim lo\u1ea1i\u201d \u2014 h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 \u201cqu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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\u0110i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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