{"id":812,"date":"2026-02-27T07:59:43","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T07:59:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/?p=812"},"modified":"2026-03-09T01:04:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T01:04:30","slug":"press-brake-tonnage-calculator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/press-brake-tonnage-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n: T\u00ednh l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m ca hai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 0,250\u2033 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t\u201d b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 82 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho 100 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e8n xanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng rung chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111e xu\u1ed1ng. Khu\u00f4n 4 r\u00e3nh b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i ngay t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n vai. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 n\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t hai tu\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u201cc\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u201d nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ecf qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"T\u1ea1i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc: Tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot = [ (K \u00d7 UTS \u00d7 t\u00b2) \/ V ]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[K] = h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 (kho\u1ea3ng 1,33 cho u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[UTS] = \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[t] = \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[V] = \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. Tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi l\u00e0 \u201cA36\u201d. L\u00f4 th\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a \u2014 n\u00f3 h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. V\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1y h\u1ebft chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, n\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f5ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u201ctrung b\u00ecnh\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u0169i ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ebb v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch +0,015\u2033 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5m. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3: t\u00b2<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u1ecf, b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt. \u0110o g\u00f3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang, t\u1ea1i sao khu\u00f4n v\u1eabn b\u1ecb v\u1ee1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e1y an to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u1ef1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00b10,5\u00b0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i laser v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng khung m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng khi g\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho ch\u00fang ta k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 82 t\u1ea5n. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y 100 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00f3: [T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i] \u00f7 [Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng feet] = [T\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea1y 6 feet: [82 t\u1ea5n] \u00f7 [6 ft] \u2248 [13,7 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho 12 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y th\u00ec \u1ed5n. Nh\u01b0ng khu\u00f4n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n vai v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 khu\u00f4n. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Nh\u01b0ng khu\u00f4n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Th\u00e9p lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed 6\u201312 inch \u1edf tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 10% gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n, h\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V ho\u1eb7c l\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 sai l\u1ec7ch 10%?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sai s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 10% th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec: s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i so v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 90 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 82 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sai<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu 10%, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10% g\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai khu\u00f4n \u2014 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Th\u00e9p t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n thanh to\u00e1n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y gh\u00e9p b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ccho an to\u00e0n\u201d sau khi th\u1ea5y g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n h\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu. Anh ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c. Nh\u01b0ng anh ta c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ngay t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u1edbn. Tr\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ba tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cL\u1ef1c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng?\u201d B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cLi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ee3t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c 80% tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n trong khi theo d\u00f5i g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec n\u00f3 sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129 sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1n cong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201ch\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1t. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 3\/16 inch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1edd th\u1eb3ng d\u00e0i. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 58 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 90 t\u1ea5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an to\u00e0n. Gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, v\u00ec v\u1eady anh ta si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t r\u00e3nh V t\u1eeb 1,5 inch xu\u1ed1ng 1,25 inch \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ebb m\u0169i ch\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh v\u1ebft r\u00e1ch hai ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n cong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i = (K \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2 \u00d7 Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n) \u00f7 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1eebng tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh: m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y [t] = 0,250 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o [UTS] = 60.000 psi (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ngh\u0129a A36)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n [V] = 2,0 inch (quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i l\u00e0 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n [L] = 48 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 [K] \u2248 1,33 cho u\u1ed1n cong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. B\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: [t\u00b2] = 0.250\u00b2 = 0.0625<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2: [60,000 \u00d7 0.0625] = 3,750<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi K: [1.33 \u00d7 3,750] \u2248 4,987.5<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng feet \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u1ea7m): 48 inch = 4 ft [4,987.5 \u00d7 4] = 19,950<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Chia cho V (2.0 inch): [19,950 \u00f7 2.0] = 9,975 lb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed5i sang t\u1ea5n: [9,975 \u00f7 2,000] \u2248 5 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tr\u00ean 4 ft: \u2248 20 t\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      G\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Thu h\u1eb9p V t\u1eeb 2.0 inch xu\u1ed1ng 1.25 inch v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      [19,950 \u00f7 1.25] = 15,960 lb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot \u2248 8 t\u1ea5n\/ft T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u2248 32 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u2014 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt kho\u1ea3ng 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n r\u00e3nh b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i ngay t\u1ea1i vai v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda V \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\u201d m\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng V n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1eabu s\u1ed1. Thu nh\u1ecf m\u1eabu s\u1ed1, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng v\u00ec th\u00e9p l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n. N\u00f3 h\u1ecfng v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 coi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u1ea1i sao \u201cth\u00e9p m\u1ec1m\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a nguy hi\u1ec3m (v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi l\u00e0 \u201cA36\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1i nh\u00e3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cth\u00e9p m\u1ec1m\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 60,000 psi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ebb th\u00e9p A36 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tr\u00ean 70,000 psi. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Quay l\u1ea1i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i UTS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Thay v\u00ec 60.000 psi, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 72.000 psi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. [t\u00b2] = 0,0625<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. [72.000 \u00d7 0,0625] = 4.500<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. [1,33 \u00d7 4.500] \u2248 5.985<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. [5.985 \u00d7 4 ft] = 23.940<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      5. Chia cho V = 2,0:[23.940 \u00f7 2,0] = 11.970 lb\/ft<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u2248 6 t\u1ea5n\/ft T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u2248 24 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba t\u0103ng th\u00eam 4 t\u1ea5n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u201cc\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. Anh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c. Anh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1i l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng sai. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng th\u00f4i. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n cam k\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u \u1edf chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00fang ta \u00e2m th\u1ea7m tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1ec7 m\u00e9t so v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh: n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00e2m th\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 trong ca hai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp 0,250 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ghi \u201cmm\u201d. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp inch. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,250 mm \u2014 kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra v\u00ec t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i v\u1eabn tr\u00f4ng \u201ch\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 K trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00ec to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y K kho\u1ea3ng 1,33. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 1,42 \u2014 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh MPa, milim\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u00e9t trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u1ed9n inch v\u1edbi MPa ho\u1eb7c milim\u00e9t v\u1edbi psi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00e0 6 mm (\u22480,236 inch) nh\u01b0ng ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadp \u201c6\u201d v\u00ec ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 inch, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00fang: [0,236\u00b2] \u2248 0,0557<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sai (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 6 inch): [6\u00b2] = 36<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 646 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ecbp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 sao ch\u00e9p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 m\u00e9t v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng Anh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. M\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ec c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt trong khi theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n chia l\u1ef1c ra sao, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy m\u00f4 l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ra sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2014 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c: C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khu\u00f4n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 3\/8 inch c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n qua khu\u00f4n V 3,0 inch. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 55 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 6 feet. M\u00e1y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i 90 t\u1ea5n. R\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5i sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 3\/8 inch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1eef b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t\u201d, h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng khu\u00f4n V 2,0 inch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Thanh tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf s\u00f3t th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        L\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do, khi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khung s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        L\u1ef1c \u221d [UTS \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 L] \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Trong \u0111\u00f3 UTS = \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o, t = \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, L = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n, V = \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i hai th\u1ee9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u2014 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        L\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 3\/8 inch: [t = 0,375] [t\u00b2] = 0,1406<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 60.000 psi, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n 6 ft, V = 3,0 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        [60.000 \u00d7 0,1406] = 8.436 Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (6 ft): [8.436 \u00d7 6] = 50.616 Chia cho V: [50.616 \u00f7 3,0] \u2248 16.872 lb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i ft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. Coi nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 51 t\u1ea5n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 85.000 psi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m V xu\u1ed1ng 2,0 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • [85.000 \u00d7 0,1406] = 11.951<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • [11.951 \u00d7 6] = 71.706<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • [71.706 \u00f7 2,0] = 35.853<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201cth\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat\u201d. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 trong khi v\u1eabn t\u0103ng t\u1eed s\u1ed1. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y v\u1ed1n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0n nh\u00e3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 50 t\u1ea5n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 80 t\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng \u2014 nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1eebng pound l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u1eady quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 8\u00d7 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 8\u00d7: n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 1\/2 inch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V 4 inch v\u00ec \u201c8\u00d7 n\u1eeda inch\u201d. Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd th\u00ec r\u1ea5t g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 25 t\u1ea5n \u2014 v\u00e0 vai ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: V \u2248 8 \u00d7 t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb 11 ga \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/4 inch \u2014 khu\u00f4n V 8\u00d7 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eef b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong kho\u1ea3ng 1\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u1eeb 5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ebfn 19\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng theo [t\u00b2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          G\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y: N\u1ebfu t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 2t, th\u00ec [t\u00b2] tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 4t\u00b2. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1\/4 inch: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u1ede m\u1ee9c 1\/2 inch: t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. \u1ede m\u1ee9c 3\/4 inch: t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 1\/4 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Quy t\u1eafc 8\u00d7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i V theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. L\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u0169ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u2014 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 V c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n h\u1eb9p b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n u\u1ed1n theo c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft 8\u00d7, h\u00e3y c\u1eaft m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1eed 12 inch v\u00e0 u\u1ed1n th\u1eed t\u1ea1i V \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn trong khi theo d\u00f5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu 8\u00d7 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u01b0\u1edbi tay b\u1ea1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao (b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u201cNh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi l\u00e0 A36.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 = 60.000 psi, th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n cho l\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 (\u2248 85.000 psi): [85.000 \u00f7 60.000] \u2248 1,42 \u2192 D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 42% tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u00f4m 5052-H32 (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u2248 33.000 psi): [33.000 \u00f7 60.000] \u2248 0,55 \u2192 Kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          H\u1ee3p kim th\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100.000 psi: [100.000 \u00f7 60.000] \u2248 1,67 \u2192 C\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hai ph\u1ea7n ba l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ma s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee9ng do gia c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (springback) t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air-bend) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n 1,4\u00d7. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c 1,5\u00d7 ho\u1eb7c 1,6\u00d7 khi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ecb m\u1ebb t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u00e9p 304. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho bi\u1ebft 70 t\u1ea5n. Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd m\u00e1y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n 85 t\u1ea5n trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh n\u00f3i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 V b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V h\u1eb9p, h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u s\u00e2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y coi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim m\u1edbi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u1eed ng\u1eafn, ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00ean, li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \"gian l\u1eadn\" h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cH\u00e3y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c (tonnage).\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang \u2014 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          L\u1ef1c \u221d 1 \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u0103ng V t\u1eeb 2.0 inch l\u00ean 3.0 inch v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng l\u1ef1c c\u0169: [\u00f7 2.0] S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi: [\u00f7 3.0]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m 33% trong ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong khi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do (air bending) th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0.16 \u00d7 V \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u1eady n\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V = 2.0 \u2192 IR \u2248 0.32 inch V = 3.0 \u2192 IR \u2248 0.48 inch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng 50% b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c bo ch\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ai \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u201cgian l\u1eadn\u201d g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e9p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1ecf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e9p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. M\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vai khu\u00f4n. Tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ecfng, khu\u00f4n V qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9n m\u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y, khu\u00f4n V qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai, m\u00e0 v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y \u2014 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh mong mu\u1ed1n, l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00e2ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng V l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback), \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u00e9p l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u201cc\u1ee9u\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111o b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1eed s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc chia cho m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u2014 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra xa kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi ch\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ef1c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          B\u1eaby ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n: Ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do (Air Bending) so v\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (Bottoming) so v\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp (Coining)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ca hai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 0.250 A36 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, khu\u00f4n V 2.0 inch, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 10 ft. M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 62 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c 100 t\u1ea5n. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u01b0 t\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Hai chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n. C\u00f9ng m\u00e1y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u1ede h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. N\u00f3 v\u1ecdt l\u00ean. T\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i. Ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y kh\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o l\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n vai. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 kinh ho\u00e0ng. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n b\u1ed1n r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u00f3c b\u00faa: khi b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do sang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i-d\u1ebbo. Ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng khu\u00f4n. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i l\u01a1 l\u1eedng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c vai khu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 g\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          L\u1ef1c \u2248 [K \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u00d7 t\u00b2 \u00d7 Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i] \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng \u201c\u00f7 V\u201d \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n, l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau c\u00e1i van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00e0y \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ma s\u00e1t t\u0103ng l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1n cong qua hai vai khu\u00f4n n\u1eefa \u2014 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00e9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t nghi\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u201ch\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u201d \u2014 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 5 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10 l\u1ea7n. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u01b0u th\u1ebf u\u1ed1n sang \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t \u01b0u th\u1ebf n\u00e9n. Trong ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y [t\u00b2] c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y trong n\u00e9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t k\u00e9o \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c nhau. R\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n d\u1eadp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t logic t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2014 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 0.250 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • C\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o: 60.000 psi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: 120 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf V: 2,0 inch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Force_air \u221d [60.000 \u00d7 (0,25)\u00b2 \u00d7 120] \u00f7 2,0 [t\u00b2] = 0,0625 S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng t\u1eed s\u1ed1 \u2248 60.000 \u00d7 0,0625 \u00d7 120 = 60.000 \u00d7 7,5 = 450.000 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7) Chia cho 2,0 \u2192 225.000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            G\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c1\u00d7.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) 5\u00d7. 225.000 \u00d7 5 = 1.125.000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u: trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending), l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Trong d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y, l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111i qu\u00e1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u2014 s\u00e2u th\u00eam 0,010 inch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ecf; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00ec b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ec9nh n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y. Anh ta t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ram m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n 0,004 inch. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e9n t\u1ea1i m\u0169i ch\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0m khu\u00f4n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho bi\u1ebft 90 t\u1ea5n. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 110 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng kh\u00e1c: m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c sang tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb 8\u201312% gi\u1eefa m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u00e2n sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5\u00d7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ecbp nh\u1eadn ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n th\u00ec sao? M\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 60 t\u1ea5n\/m\u00e9t \u1edf g\u00f3c 90\u00b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 60 t\u1ea5n\/m\u00e9t \u1edf g\u00f3c 30\u00b0. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea5n Anh (long tons) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n m\u00e9t v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            D\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i (coining) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c\u201d. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu 6 inch \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sang ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            B\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y v\u00ec b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. \u00cdt \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i (springback) h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            S\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y: khi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 70\u201380% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c c\u00fa s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 70\u201380%?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng song song ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a ram, \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n m\u00e1y, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho th\u1ea5y 95 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y 100 t\u1ea5n, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 110 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n 4 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vai trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p d\u00e0y 3\/8 inch. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n 140 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y 175 t\u1ea5n \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y. \u201cAn to\u00e0n\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean +0,015 inch theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb [t\u00b2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            N\u1ebfu t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh = 0,375 [t\u00b2] = 0,1406 N\u1ebfu t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf = 0,390 [t\u00b2] = 0,1521<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7: 0,1521 \u00f7 0,1406 \u2248 1,08<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u0103ng 8% t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 8% \u2014 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i do \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 5\u00d7. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. N\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u00c9p \u0111\u00e1y tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y khi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ~80% \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ram \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Trong u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Trong \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y, ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc x\u00e0 beng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u0111a, d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 80% \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i (coining) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 5 l\u1ea7n, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              D\u1eadp n\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. G\u00f3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Nh\u01b0ng d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 u\u1ed1n. N\u00f3 n\u00e9n d\u1ebbo b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y, l\u00e0m m\u1ecfng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ee7 cao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n n\u00e9n d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea5p 8\u201310 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u0169 v\u1edbi khung m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eafn, d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khung nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec9nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u1eady khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft ng\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eb9p<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y v\u1edbi bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n 40 t\u1ea5n, c\u00f2n d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i (coining) c\u1ea7n 200 t\u1ea5n, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y 400 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00e9n chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u2014 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ebb, c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, ho\u1eb7c khung m\u00e1y b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao khi\u1ebfn m\u0169i ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1eb9t ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. G\u00f3c ch\u1ea5n th\u00ec ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                D\u1eadp n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n CNC, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m tra m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai c\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi 50% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi l\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00f3i g\u00ec?\u201d n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u2014 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1, b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n, hay chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c minh: Ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                B\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1i d\u00e0i 10 feet b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d 100 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 82 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 100 t\u1ea5n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00ean t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i 18 inch v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng [82 t\u1ea5n \u00f7 1,5 ft \u2248 55 t\u1ea5n\/ft]. Chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u 40 t\u1ea5n\/ft. Kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o d\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c vai c\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cong v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng sai. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u2014 bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ef1c, tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i bao nhi\u00eau, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o tr\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y so v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung: c\u00e1i b\u1eaby t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 100 t\u1ea5n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 100 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ed3n 60 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t foot chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                H\u00e3y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ra 60 t\u1ea5n cho m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i 24 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng feet: [24 inch \u00f7 12 = 2 ft] T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot: [60 t\u1ea5n \u00f7 2 ft = 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                N\u1ebfu c\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p. T\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y r\u00fat ng\u1eafn chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 12 inch nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh V. L\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u2014 v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ec th\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u1edbi: [12 inch \u00f7 12 = 1 ft] T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi: [60 \u00d7 (1 \u00f7 2) = 30 t\u1ea5n] T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot: [30 t\u1ea5n \u00f7 1 ft = 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u1eabn l\u00e0 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft. V\u1eabn an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u1eady c\u00e1i b\u1eaby n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                C\u00e1i b\u1eaby xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u201cch\u1ed3ng\u201d c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft ng\u1eafn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ca hai nh\u1eadp 0 cho chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. M\u00e1y m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m. C\u1eadu \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 8 inch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 40 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: [8 inch \u00f7 12 = 0,67 ft] T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot: [40 \u00f7 0,67 \u2248 60 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 45 t\u1ea5n\/ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y? \u1ed4n. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t khu\u00f4n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9? V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 33%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Khu\u00f4n b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vai tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd \u0103n tr\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u2014 ch\u00e0y, c\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u2014 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m u\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn \u1edf chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi khu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u00c1p su\u1ea5t = L\u1ef1c \u00f7 Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u1ed9t m\u0169i ch\u00e0y s\u1eafc 0,030 inch t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb9p. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh 0,125 inch l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 80 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i 36 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i: [36 inch \u00f7 12 = 3 ft] T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot: [80 \u00f7 3 \u2248 26,7 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t inch chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t inch \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                [26,7 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u00f7 12 inch\/ft \u2248 2,22 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i inch]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang pound: [2,22 \u00d7 2000 \u2248 4.440 lb tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i inch]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0,020 inch, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i inch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                [1 inch \u00d7 0,020 inch = 0,020 inch\u00b2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u00c1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: [4.440 lb \u00f7 0,020 inch\u00b2 = 222.000 psi]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khi ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n n\u1ebfu x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u201cm\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e1o 75 t\u1ea5n c\u00f2n m\u00e1y \u00e9p l\u00e0 120 t\u1ea5n\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ca, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eb9t \u0111i 0,005 inch. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2014 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi \u201cA36\u201d, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 b\u00f4i d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng l\u00ean. L\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean. V\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u2014 nh\u01b0 d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i \u2014 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00e0y cho vi\u1ec7c d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra m\u0169i ch\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i sau v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 khi x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ed5n, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean khung m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y: t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n m\u00e1y: \u201c175 T\u1ea4N\u201d. Con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c khung m\u00e1y, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u2014 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u00e9p 10 ft, 175 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf 6 ft trung t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 60% c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch t\u00e2m 2 ft. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0i 4 ft g\u1ea7n khung b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n ch\u1eb7n sau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                [175 \u00d7 0,60 \u2248 105 t\u1ea5n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 100 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 4 ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot: [100 \u00f7 4 = 25 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5? \u1ed4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nh\u00e3n m\u00e1y? \u1ed4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m \u1edf n\u01a1i cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ~105 t\u1ea5n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 t\u1ea5n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5%. \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a ram, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c sai s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb 1% \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u2014 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c khung b\u00ean b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed9 song song \u0111i v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 70\u201380% t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                X\u00e1c minh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                1. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                2. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                3. Ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm r\u1ee7i ro \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                5. Duy tr\u00ec bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20\u201330% so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cv\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn\u201d. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t khung m\u00e1y, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending), u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) ho\u1eb7c d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i (coining) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo \u2014 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh, an to\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: T\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 tin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e9p nh\u1eb9\u201d, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0,250 inch, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n 36 inch, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n 90\u00b0, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y trong g\u00f3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 150 t\u1ea5n, d\u00e0i 10 ft. Kho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n V 2,0 inch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n V 3,0 inch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 20 t\u1ea5n\/ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 treo c\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  Khi thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u201cTh\u00e9p nh\u1eb9\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y 36 ksi. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 50+ ksi. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. G\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p (t\u1ea5n) t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch so v\u1edbi 0,250 inch c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air-bend) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [T\u1ea5n\/ft] = [K \u00d7 (\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2)] \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Trong \u0111\u00f3: K = h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y = 0,250 inch V = \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i cho bi\u1ebft V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u1eady n\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V \u2248 [8 \u00d7 0,250 = 2,0 inch]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n 2,0 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (c\u01a1 s\u1edf minh h\u1ecda):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2] = [0,250\u00b2 = 0,0625] Chia cho V: [0,0625 \u00f7 2,0 = 0,03125]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c. Thu h\u1eb9p V v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. N\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng V v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 20\u201325 t\u1ea5n\/ft cho th\u00e9p A36 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong khu\u00f4n V 2,0 inch. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 3 ft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 24 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u00d7 3 ft = 72 t\u1ea5n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y 150 t\u1ea5n, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i \u201cth\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 inch\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 0,265 inch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng n\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 tin v\u00e0o nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [0,265\u00b2 = 0,0702] So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf 0,0625. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng: [0,0702 \u00f7 0,0625 \u2248 1,12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u0103ng th\u00eam 12% ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n. L\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n 20% so v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh. Khu\u00f4n 4 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n vai ngay t\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Th\u00e9p t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo. B\u1ea1n n\u00e9n n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u2014 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n l\u00f2 xo ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 36 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [36 inch \u00f7 12 = 3 feet]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  N\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 24 t\u1ea5n\/foot, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [24 \u00d7 3 = 72 t\u1ea5n]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 36 ksi th\u00ec sao? Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 50 ksi \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2248 [50 \u00f7 36 \u2248 1,39]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  S\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n\/foot \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [24 \u00d7 1,39 \u2248 33 t\u1ea5n\/foot]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [33 \u00d7 3 \u2248 99 t\u1ea5n]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c 100 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i khu\u00f4n. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu ai \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201csi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n\u201d v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang khu\u00f4n V 1,5 inch, s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi V:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf: [2,0 \u00f7 1,5 \u2248 1,33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u1eady n\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [33 t\u1ea5n\/foot \u00d7 1,33 \u2248 44 t\u1ea5n\/foot]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [44 \u00d7 3 \u2248 132 t\u1ea5n]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u00f4i t\u1eebng xem m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 kim v\u00f2ng tua m\u00e1y b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t ga. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c 120 t\u1ea5n. Khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t \u2014 n\u00f3 b\u1ecb cong. M\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 3 ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u201ch\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 6 inch v\u1edbi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng khi n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu con s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u2248 44 t\u1ea5n\/ft trong khu\u00f4n V 1.5 inch tr\u00ean 3 ft = t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 132 t\u1ea5n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  N\u1ebfu khu\u00f4n 2.0 inch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft, th\u00ec khu\u00f4n 1.5 inch h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  44 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  30 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i 47%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra 150 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Khu\u00f4n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V 2.0 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V 2.0 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  33 t\u1ea5n\/ft (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n) \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n: 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [35 \u2212 33 = 2 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  M\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng. Tr\u00ean 3 ft, nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e1y. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 140 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u1ed5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: 99 t\u1ea5n (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng, khu\u00f4n V 2.0)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [140 \u2212 99 = 41 t\u1ea5n] Kho\u1ea3ng 29%<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  M\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  [35 \u2212 33 = 2 t\u1ea5n\/ft] \u2248 6% bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Qu\u00e1 s\u00e1t sao so v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  N\u1ebfu u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed (air bending) v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V 2.0 gi\u1eef cho ch\u00fang ta \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. U\u1ed1n d\u1eadp (coining) s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (springback). Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecdn u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 1\/4 inch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u201cm\u00e1y \u00e9p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ca, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ebb li ti d\u1ecdc theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n l\u1ec7ch \u0111i 1,5 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1ed5n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n soi n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nghi\u00eang. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00e0y m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  V\u00ec v\u1eady, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • U\u1ed1n kh\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Khu\u00f4n V 2.0 inch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1eafn<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Duy tr\u00ec ~20\u201330% bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    M\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. L\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/th>\u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/th>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \/ Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/th>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \/ R\u1ee7i ro<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
                    Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/td>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. L\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y = 0,250 inch V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y = 2,0 inch \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2 = 0,250\u00b2 = 0,0625 0,0625 \u00f7 2,0 = 0,03125<\/td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u2248 20\u201325 t\u1ea5n\/ft (gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh 24 t\u1ea5n\/ft)<\/td><\/tr>
                    T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n 3 ft<\/td>24 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u00d7 3 ft = 72 t\u1ea5n<\/td>An to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y 150 t\u1ea5n<\/td><\/tr>
                    R\u1ee7i ro bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 0,265 inch<\/td>0,265\u00b2 = 0,0702 0,0702 \u00f7 0,0625 \u2248 1,12<\/td>T\u0103ng 12% ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y; t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n 20% \u2192 r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ecfng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/td><\/tr>
                    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb \u0111\u00fac<\/td>U\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m<\/td>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n<\/td><\/tr>
                    Quy m\u00f4 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n<\/td>Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n 36 inch<\/td>36 \u00f7 12 = 3 ft 24 \u00d7 3 = 72 t\u1ea5n<\/td>T\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td><\/tr>
                    H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (50 ksi so v\u1edbi 36 ksi)<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n<\/td>50 \u00f7 36 \u2248 1,39 24 \u00d7 1,39 \u2248 33 t\u1ea5n\/ft 33 \u00d7 3 \u2248 99 t\u1ea5n<\/td>L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean ~99 t\u1ea5n<\/td><\/tr>
                    Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n (2,0 inch \u2192 1,5 inch V)<\/td>T\u1ea5n su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi V<\/td>2,0 \u00f7 1,5 \u2248 1,33 33 \u00d7 1,33 \u2248 44 t\u1ea5n\/ft 44 \u00d7 3 \u2248 132 t\u1ea5n<\/td>T\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean ~132 t\u1ea5n<\/td><\/tr>
                    T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/td>H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khu\u00f4n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n su\u1ea5t<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y; ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m V<\/td>Nguy c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/td><\/tr>
                    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n u\u1ed1n th\u1eed 6 inch trong khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn<\/td>Quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea7n g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n<\/td>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y<\/td><\/tr>
                    Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra<\/td>1,5 inch V, 44 t\u1ea5n\/ft tr\u00ean 3 ft<\/td>44 \u00d7 3 = 132 t\u1ea5n<\/td>K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao<\/td><\/tr>
                    Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 (1,5 inch V)<\/td>Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n = 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 44 t\u1ea5n\/ft so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 30 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/td>Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i 47% \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr>
                    Chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i sang 2,0 inch V<\/td>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 33 t\u1ea5n\/ft \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n = 35 t\u1ea5n\/ft 35 \u2212 33 = bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 2 t\u1ea5n\/ft<\/td>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ~6% (ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd)<\/td><\/tr>
                    Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y<\/td>M\u00e1y cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed = 140 t\u1ea5n<\/td>140 \u2212 99 = 41 t\u1ea5n (bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ~29%)<\/td>Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td><\/tr>
                    Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/td>Tr\u00e1nh d\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1y\/d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i do l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn<\/td>Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending) t\u1ea1i 2,0 inch V<\/td>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/td><\/tr>
                    Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/td>C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh<\/td>U\u1ed1n kh\u00ed 2.0 trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn <35 t\u1ea5n\/ft ~20\u201330% bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1eeb Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh t\u1ef1 tin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang: n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u1eebng suy ngh\u0129. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e8n xanh tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c 90 t\u1ea5n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 110 t\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu nh\u00f3c ca hai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp 0 thay v\u00ec 0.250 v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y tr\u00ean ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p m\u1edbi. Khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ee9t \u1edf c\u00e1c vai sau \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n \u201cth\u00eam v\u00e0o\u201d. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u1ea9n h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 575. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 650. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch 13% tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e9p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 24 t\u1ea5n\/ft, 13% l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    [24 \u00d7 0,13 \u2248 3,1 t\u1ea5n\/ft]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tr\u00ean 3 ft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    [3,1 \u00d7 3 \u2248 9 t\u1ea5n]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ch\u00edn t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201ctho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1i sao khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i k\u00eau r\u00edt l\u00ean?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi \u201cA36\u201d. L\u00f4 th\u00e9p nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n V. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u2014 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n mang theo: c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 5%. Xem t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt v\u00ec s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i V t\u1eeb 8\u00d7 l\u00ean 6\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Xem n\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea3o. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 xem thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0,015 inch ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thay khu\u00f4n 0,5 inch \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi 10% gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u2014 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    V\u1eady ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda sau m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi u\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cam k\u1ebft s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u2014 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1. \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng nh\u00ecn nh\u00e3n. \u0110\u1eebng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng (PO). H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o micromet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 0,250 inch v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,265 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf = [0,265\u00b2 \u00f7 0,250\u00b2] = [0,0702 \u00f7 0,0625 \u2248 1,12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    M\u01b0\u1eddi hai ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng th\u00eam ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 0,015 inch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y cao nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    2. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/strong> Quy t\u1eafc ng\u00f3n tay c\u00e1i cho bi\u1ebft V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thu h\u1eb9p V t\u1eeb 2,0 inch xu\u1ed1ng 1,5 inch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c = [2,0 \u00f7 1,5 \u2248 1,33]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u0103ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u201cl\u00e0m s\u1eafc l\u1ea1i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh\u201d tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 5\/16 inch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u0103n tr\u01b0a, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n chim m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 35 t\u1ea5n\/foot v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 33 t\u1ea5n\/foot, th\u00ec bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 2 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 30 t\u1ea5n\/foot v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 28 t\u1ea5n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m m\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 200 t\u1ea5n hay kh\u00f4ng. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ecfng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c h\u1ecfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sau \u0111\u00f3, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 100 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t 100 t\u1ea5n \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n m\u00e1y. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 20\u201330% so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ed5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: 80 t\u1ea5n. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3: 110 t\u1ea5n. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9: [(110 \u2212 80) \u00f7 80 \u2248 0,375 = 37,5%]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf ph\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4. Ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i r\u00fat g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do (air bend), th\u00ec t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb th\u00e9p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00e0nh r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1edb t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn r\u00e3nh V 2.0 \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ghi l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5n n\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i con s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. B\u1ea1n ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    H\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • Ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u00fd do (\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y l\u1ef1c)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • S\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n\/ft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • S\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi u\u1ed1n th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      T\u1edd ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn r\u00e3nh V h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n 51%. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u00f5m v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 chi ti\u1ebft. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Khi b\u1ea1n ghi l\u1ea1i logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1edb \u2014 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m b\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u2014 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u00e3nh V, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u2014 so v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      B\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111i sai h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea1n, li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang \u2014 hay s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 xo b\u1ecb n\u00e9n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u00f2ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb l\u00e0m ca hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5m t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 0,250 inch v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00fa nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t\u201d s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 82 t\u1ea5n. M\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho 100 t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e8n xanh. Ngay gi\u1eefa l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, s\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edfng rung chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eeba th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111e xu\u1ed1ng. Khu\u00f4n 4 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i ngay t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n vai. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb m\u1ebb. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch n\u0103m [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=812"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1102,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/812\/revisions\/1102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}