Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc V t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef dung sai c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf\u2014ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u00b10,5\u00b0 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 sai l\u1ec7ch b\u00e0n m\u00e1y 0,06 mm tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 10 feet c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c 0,17\u00b0. B\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng. M\u00e1y \u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m h\u00e0nh x\u1eed \u201cngoan ngo\u00e3n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: H\u00e3y xem m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n non tay ngh\u1ec1: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf khu\u00f4n V b\u1eb1ng 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y 0.125\u2033? Khu\u00f4n V 1\u2033. D\u00e0y 0.250\u2033? Khu\u00f4n V 2\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m khi u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. X\u1ea5p x\u1ec9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n U\u1ed1n th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 1\/4\u2033 trong khu\u00f4n V 2\u2033 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong kho\u1ea3ng 0.32\u2033. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ba \u0111i\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c m\u00e9p ng\u1eafn b\u1ecb l\u1eafc trong khu\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1edf ch\u1eef V d\u01b0\u1edbi 5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 \u201cQuy t\u1eafc 8\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2014cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: Ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra xem bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n 50 t\u1ea5n cho m\u1ed7i foot \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t 50. B\u1ea1n tin v\u00e0o 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i ghi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 100 ksi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 60 ksi. Quay l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u0103ng 66%, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng t\u0103ng 66%. 50 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kho\u1ea3ng 83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c \u00e9p. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u00e9p s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 u\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n\u2014b\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u00e9p. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u1ea3ng tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb an to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ebb nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y, hay th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n CNC c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e1o b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 0.031\u2033 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 0.062\u2033, m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2014d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u201c\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: T\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2014kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh A u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t 90\u00b0 g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh B th\u00ec su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa 88\u00b0 v\u00e0 92\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng b\u1ea3ng. C\u00f9ng V. C\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia tin v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 cong c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u00b10,5\u00b0 v\u1ec1 g\u00f3c. Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n (0,06 mm tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i), m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: ng\u1eebng h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec?\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi, \u201cB\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111ang gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u00f4m nay?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 V-die b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 inox 1\/4\u2033 \u201cc\u1ea7n g\u00f3c ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thay V 2\u2033 th\u00e0nh V 1,5\u2033. C\u00f9ng ch\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e1t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghe kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba, m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 g\u00f3c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra: V-die kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc g\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc hai, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c l\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u00e1o kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf\u2014it l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng, \u201cB\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong 0.250.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Khu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch anh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m \u1edf g\u00f3c 90\u00b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1eb7t th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m 1\/4\u2033 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n V 2\u2033: 0.16 \u00d7 2.0 = b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong 0.32\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 0.25\u2033. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1i ch\u00f3p m\u0169i ch\u00e0y ghi tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p. Kho\u1ea3ng 0.32\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed5i sang khu\u00f4n V 1.5\u2033 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i\u201d: 0.16 \u00d7 1.5 = 0.24\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong \u0111i 0.08\u2033 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xem b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n V l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5. Trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 tinh ch\u1ec9nh trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi anh thay \u0111\u1ed5i V, anh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. H\u00e3y xem c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c \u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot = (\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2) \u00f7 (8 \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf V. Gi\u1ea3m V, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u0103ng\u2014t\u0103ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh theo V, nh\u01b0ng t\u0103ng theo l\u0169y th\u1eeba hai v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n T\u00b2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c \u00e9p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V cho b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u00e0 anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u2014r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1c \u00e9p \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anh \u0111\u00e3 nghe Quy t\u1eafc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa s\u1ed1 8 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u: \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf V = 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2014\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m, u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3 90\u00b0, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea1y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 0.125\u2033: 8 \u00d7 0.125 = 1.0\u2033 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed1t. D\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp 8\u00d7 mang l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 6\u00d7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6 \u00d7 0.125 = 0.75\u2033 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: 0.16 \u00d7 0.75 = 0.12\u2033 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c \u00e9p ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i V 1.0\u2033 l\u00e0 T, th\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u00e9p m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T_m\u1edbi = T \u00d7 (1.0 \u00f7 0.75) \u2248 1.33T<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng 33% ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1eb9p khu\u00f4n. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5m d\u00e0y. Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m d\u00e0y 1\/2\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc s\u1ed1 8 n\u00f3i: 8 \u00d7 0.5 = 4\u2033 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf 10\u00d7 ho\u1eb7c 12\u00d7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 12 \u00d7 0.5 = 6\u2033 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng V th\u00eam 50%. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c \u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T_m\u1edbi = T \u00d7 (4 \u00f7 6) \u2248 0.67T<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00cdt l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: 0.16 \u00d7 6 = 0.96\u2033 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ba l\u1ef1c c\u1ea1nh tranh\u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y tr\u00ean V-opening v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Vai d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp. G\u00f3c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p, r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. G\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i \u0111au tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u201ctheo 8\u00d7.\u201d B\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn 6\u00d7, 8\u00d7 ho\u1eb7c 12\u00d7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n \u00edt t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t \u2014 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> H\u00e3y b\u1ecf 8\u00d7 ngay khi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u2014 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd h\u00e3y ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed chi ti\u1ebft 0.125\u2033 c\u00f3 m\u00e9p d\u00e0i 0.500\u2033. B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng V 1.0\u2033 (8\u00d7). Nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb chu\u1ea9n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2248 (V-opening \u00f7 2) + \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi V 1.0\u2033: (1.0 \u00f7 2) + 0.125 = 0.625\u2033<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 0.500\u2033. N\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang v\u00e0o V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Thu h\u1eb9p khu\u00f4n xu\u1ed1ng 0.75\u2033:<\/p>\n\n\n\n (0.75 \u00f7 2) + 0.125 = 0.500\u2033<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd n\u00f3 v\u1eeba kh\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edb xem \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 33% v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1eb7t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e9p bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i khu\u00f4n V. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i khu\u00f4n V bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng m\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eafc qua vai khu\u00f4n. Chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m b\u1ea3ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u00f3i g\u00ec. N\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb rung, g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c m\u00e9p b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n \u2014 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho h\u1ed3i l\u00f2 xo trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ed1t V-opening, h\u00e3y ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 r\u1ed3i t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1p b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.**<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t khi chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng V-die thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2014d\u00f9 v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng\u2014b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c \u00e9p m\u1edbi cho m\u00e1y v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u00e2n domino b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111em cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp: th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033, d\u00e0i 10 feet, V-die 2\u2033. B\u1ea3ng tra n\u00f3i 19.7 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot cho th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033 trong V 2\u2033. Anh \u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1eb3ng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n 150 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, anh \u1ea5y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hay t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ee9c \u00e9p b\u1ea1n n\u00ean d\u00f9ng\u2014m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n\u2014l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5n\/foot = (\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \u00d7 \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u00b2) \u00f7 (8 \u00d7 Khe m\u1edf V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea3ng tra m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng 60.000 PSI. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 90.000 PSI \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u = \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u00f7 60.000<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady 90.000 \u00f7 60.000 = 1.5\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 19.7 t\u1ea5n\/foot nh\u00e2n l\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 19.7 \u00d7 1.5 \u2248 29.6 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean 10 foot, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 296 t\u1ea5n. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y 150 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee7 10 foot c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, khung m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh an to\u00e0n qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng tra s\u1ee9c \u00e9p cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 cho \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o 60.000 PSI. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5n\/ft_th\u1ef1c = T\u1ea5n\/ft_b\u1ea3ng \u00d7 (Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n_b\u1ec1n_th\u1ef1c \u00f7 60.000)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xong. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 90.000 PSI? Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 1,5. Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p h\u1ee3p kim \u1edf m\u1ee9c 100.000 PSI? 100.000 \u00f7 60.000 \u2248 1,67\u00d7. Nh\u00f4m 5052 kho\u1ea3ng 38.000 PSI? 38.000 \u00f7 60.000 \u2248 0,63\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n 0,63 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n thu h\u1eb9p khe V \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch. V\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T \u221d 1 \u00f7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3m V t\u1eeb 2\u2033 xu\u1ed1ng 1,5\u2033? 2 \u00f7 1,5 \u2248 t\u0103ng 1,33\u00d7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m nh\u00f4m d\u00e0y 1\/4\u2033 trong khe V 1,5\u2033. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c \u00e9p v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (0,63\u00d7) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n (1,33\u00d7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng: 0,63 \u00d7 1,33 \u2248 0,84\u00d7 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 nh\u00f4m lu\u00f4n \u201cd\u1ec5.\u201d Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng: H\u00e3y nh\u00e2n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3ng theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf V\u2014kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u00e9p u\u1ed1n 150 t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khung m\u00e1y k\u00eau ca v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao? V\u00ec khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu 20 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot, m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u00e9p u\u1ed1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 150 t\u1ea5n \u00d7 10\u2032 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 15 t\u1ea5n\/ft n\u1ebfu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khung n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n 25 t\u1ea5n\/ft. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u201c150 t\u1ea5n\u201d v\u00e0 qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng khi u\u1ed1n 3 feet \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 45 t\u1ea5n th\u00ec l\u00e0 15 t\u1ea5n\/foot t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang 2 feet th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 22,5 t\u1ea5n\/foot \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khung b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn. Khu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng. Vai ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: S\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n\/foot cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh\u2014h\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1eaft x\u00edch y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u1edf g\u00f3c 90\u00b0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi b\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n \u1edf 30\u00b0 ho\u1eb7c 45\u00b0\u2014m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u00f3ng\u2014l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi vai ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m ba \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea1ch n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf. T\u00f9y theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u0103ng 20\u201350% so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3ng 90\u00b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Logic to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2248 T_90\u00b0 \u00d7 H\u1ec7_s\u1ed1_g\u00f3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u1edf 90\u00b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho ra 20 t\u1ea5n\/foot v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn l\u00e0 1,3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t 26 t\u1ea5n\/foot tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1edd c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam khu\u00f4n h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cCon s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i \u1ed5n,\u201d trong khi \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1edf 90\u00b0 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea1y t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1edf 35\u00b0 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. M\u00e1y c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5\u00d7 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1ea9u m\u1edf V v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec. Th\u00eam g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t so s\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea9u m\u1edf V, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo foot, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra so v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ed5n, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u1eefa \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fa \u0111\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1eadp trung ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y khi u\u1ed1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y 3\/16\u2033. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec m\u00e1y phanh b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec khu\u00f4n c\u1ed1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. M\u00e0 v\u00ec 42 t\u1ea5n t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t foot \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n qua \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng 0.031\u2033, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot, so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ed5n v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f4i c\u1ee9ng.\u201d T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c1p su\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c chia cho b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u0169ng thu nh\u1ecf. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201can to\u00e0n tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y $900 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00fa u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 theo khu\u00f4n c\u1ed1i: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 mi\u1ec7ng khu\u00f4n V (v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n). Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mi\u1ec7ng V 1,5\u2033, th\u00ec b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng 0,24\u2033. D\u00f9ng ch\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u 1\/32\u2033 (0,031\u2033) v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p b\u00e1m quanh. V\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao, c\u00fa va \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Sau khi t\u00ednh t\u1ea5n\/foot, h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2014 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf c\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eadp trung.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u1eef U \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: b\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng 2\u2033, g\u1edd r\u1ed9ng 1\u2033, d\u00e0y 14 gauge. C\u00fa u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra \u1ed5n. C\u00fa u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng chi ti\u1ebft l\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vai \u2014 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o g\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf g\u00f3c 62\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft mi\u1ec7ng khu\u00f4n V v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00e0y c\u1ed5 ng\u1ed7ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e9t l\u00f5m ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n g\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111i qua. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y m\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e9t l\u00f5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. H\u00e3y \u0111o n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao g\u1edd l\u00e0 H v\u00e0 vai ch\u00e0y n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y S t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n: H \u2265 S + \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u + kho\u1ea3ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu S l\u00e0 0,75\u2033 v\u00e0 g\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 0,70\u2033, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi va ch\u1ea1m x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e1y phanh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt. C\u00fa t\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. Gi\u1edd th\u00ec t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, ch\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i xung, v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u201can to\u00e0n\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n g\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n. G\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u trong u\u1ed1n gi\u00f3. C\u00f2n va ch\u1ea1m v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp, h\u00e3y ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y\u2014x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1edf vai so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao m\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec9nh va ch\u1ea1m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea5y th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 304 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 90.000 PSI. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed 90\u00b0. U\u1ed1n th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 d\u00e0y 0.125\u2033 ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong 0.125\u2033 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc theo th\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c khu\u00f4n: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong \u2248 0.16 \u00d7 V. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn V = 0.5\u2033 \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cthu h\u1eb9p b\u00e1n k\u00ednh,\u201d b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 0.16 \u00d7 0.5 = 0.08\u2033 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 0.08\u2033 < 0.125\u2033. B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u0169i ch\u00e0y s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. Khu\u00f4n m\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00f3. Ch\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cung tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y th\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 in h\u1eb1n l\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1ef1c \u00e9p g\u1ea5p 2\u20134\u00d7 so v\u1edbi u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh\u2014n\u00f3 \u0111ang d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed7 u\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chi ti\u1ebft r\u1eddi m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: So s\u00e1nh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (0.16 \u00d7 V) v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i ch\u00e0y.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp g\u00f3c: ch\u00e0y 90\u00b0 v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n 90\u00b0 cho m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n 90\u00b0. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00f3c u\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ch\u00e0y 88\u00b0 trong khu\u00f4n 90\u00b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o 90\u00b0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai khu\u00f4n trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3c ch\u00e0y qu\u00e1 m\u1edf so v\u1edbi g\u00f3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y vai ch\u00e0y v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed ba \u0111i\u1ec3m sang h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: T_th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u2248 T_90\u00b0 \u00d7 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 G\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u0103ng\u201420\u201350 t\u1ea5n\/foot kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n hi\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3c ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn vai ch\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1edbm, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u0103ng H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 G\u00f3c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao v\u00e0 khe V h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sai l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 sai. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c minh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so kh\u1edbp g\u00f3c t\u1eeb catalog. B\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u00f3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i\u2014ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai khu\u00f4n\u2014v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u1edbi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y\u2014\u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, khe V, t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c, kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf ch\u00e0y, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n domino m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u2014kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3c\u2014v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac vai ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin v\u00e0o ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c \u00e9p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng \u201ct\u00f9y v\u00e0o\u201d. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eef ch\u00e0y c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 trong catalog\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ea9y sai qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh: b\u00e1n k\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, c\u00e1nh va ch\u1ea1m, vai ch\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u00e9p t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea3i b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u00f4 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby, b\u1ea1n m\u1edf bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m kho\u1ea3ng 60.000 PSI \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea7m ph\u00eda sau h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u00f3: H\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 650 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef3 (air bending).<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1ec1n 90.000 PSI. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 = 90.000 \/ 60.000 = 1,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 1,5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef3 (bottoming) thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef3, h\u00e3y nh\u00e2n th\u00eam t\u1eeb 2\u00d7 \u0111\u1ebfn 4\u00d7 t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u00edt h\u01a1n 20\u201330\u202f% l\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_hi\u1ec7u_ch\u1ec9nh = P_b\u1ea3ng \u00d7 H\u1ec7_s\u1ed1_V\u1eadt_li\u1ec7u \u00d7 H\u1ec7_s\u1ed1_Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng_ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V, v\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd theo b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n. Ghi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edd thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf b\u1ea3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u201cc\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang\u201d, khe m\u1edf V n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khu\u00f4n V l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n domino \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa s\u1ed1 8 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec khe V ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong khi u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m (air bending) x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 V<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong 0,125\u2033, th\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n V = 0,125 \/ 0,16 = 0,78\u2033<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng V 3\/4\u2033.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb V \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho m\u00e9p b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u khi u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e9p b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2248 V \/ 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi V = 1\u2033? B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng m\u00e9p b\u00edch 0,5\u2033 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00f4i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1eed u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e9p b\u00edch 0,4\u2033 trong khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd nghi\u00eang v\u00e0o khe m\u1edf. G\u00f3c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. L\u1ef1c n\u00e9n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc V nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc V theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e9p b\u00edch qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd thu h\u1eb9p V l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cl\u00e0m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00ec l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi V:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P \u221d 1 \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1ea3m V t\u1eeb 1\u2033 xu\u1ed1ng 0,5\u2033? B\u1ea1n v\u1eeba nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e9p b\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: Ch\u1ecdn V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e9p b\u00edch, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi V \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam t\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n P_t\u1ed5ng = P \u00d7 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00d7 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5n\/ft = P_t\u1ed5ng \/ L (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng feet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n: t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c \u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. Con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y 0,031\u2033 c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. T\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y\u2014n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nh\u1ecf x\u00edu \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby\u2014th\u00eam \u201cbi\u00ean an to\u00e0n\u201d 20% m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. T\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y th\u1ee3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00ednh ra 40 t\u1ea5n\/ft, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 25% \u201ccho an to\u00e0n,\u201d v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 50 t\u1ea5n\/ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec v\u1eady, danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c minh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ea7n,\u201d th\u00ec v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec an to\u00e0n\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng. Gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111o b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 0.16 \u00d7 V v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111o th\u1ea5y nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e9p ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu g\u00f3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i, ph\u1ea7n vai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u1edbm. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i \u0111ang ch\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu m\u00e9p dao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n, V c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng\u2014d\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean vai ch\u00e0y thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u0169i, h\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chu tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u2192 \u0110\u00e1nh nh\u1eb9 \u2192 \u0110o \u2192 So s\u00e1nh \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u2192 T\u00ednh l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cd\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang x\u00e1c minh bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i trong tay b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng: L\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014\u0111o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y 1\/4 inch b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n V 2 inch. Quy t\u1eafc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa s\u1ed1 8. G\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea1t 90\u00b0, m\u00e9p u\u1ed1n \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. L\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. C\u00e1i ram k\u00eau r\u00ean. G\u00f3c u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao. [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=917"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":923,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/917\/revisions\/923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u201cQuy t\u1eafc 8\u201d th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft\u2014v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"\u0110i\u1ec1u](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/What-the-Rule-of-8-actually-promises\u2014and-what-it-silently-assumes_w1200_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1i b\u1eaby v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n coi b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"C\u00e1i](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/The-tonnage-trap_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nT\u1ea1i sao hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
![\"T\u1ea1i](\"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Why-two-operators-using-the-exact-same-chart-get-completely-different-results_w1200_w1200.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChu\u1ed7i \u1ea9n: C\u00e1ch chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng V-die quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u00eda sau<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n trong l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng khu\u00f4n V\u2014ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n: Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ecf 8\u00d7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng 6\u00d7 (b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t) ho\u1eb7c 12\u00d7 (t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u00e2m th\u1ea7m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf V-opening l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c \u00e9p: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p: C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c \u00e9p cho th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y: B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
T\u1ea1i sao s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot t\u1eeb b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ebfm khi kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00e0y: Bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecf qua<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Li\u1ec7u ch\u00e0y b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edd v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u1eadp tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e1n k\u00ednh u\u1ed1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u so v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi g\u00f3c ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 g\u00f3c khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n mong mu\u1ed1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3+\u201d cho u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
P = l\u1ef1c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5n
S = \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (inch)
L = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n (inch)
V = khe m\u1edf khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V (inch)<\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u01b0\u1edbc 2: C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh khu\u00f4n V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e1n k\u00ednh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh (flange)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c u\u1ed1n so v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p x\u00e1c minh\u2014nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111o khi th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc<\/th> Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/th> N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/th> C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/th> Quy t\u1eafc x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/td> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/td> C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m (~60.000 PSI \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o). Chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n. \u00c9p ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c g\u1ea5p 2\u00d7\u20134\u00d7 so v\u1edbi u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/td> C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>
P = (650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L) \/ V
P = l\u1ef1c (t\u1ea5n)
S = \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (in)
L = chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i u\u1ed1n (in)
V = kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n (in)
H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>
H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 = \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o \/ 60.000
S\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh:<\/strong>
P_hi\u1ec7u_ch\u1ec9nh = P_b\u1ea3ng \u00d7 H\u1ec7_s\u1ed1_V\u1eadt_li\u1ec7u \u00d7 H\u1ec7_s\u1ed1_Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng_ph\u00e1p<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng ghi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/td><\/tr> B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/td> Kh\u00f3a l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p<\/td> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n V ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong, s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Quy t\u1eafc 8 (V \u2248 8 \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Thu h\u1eb9p V l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn V d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n.<\/td> B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong (u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed):<\/strong>
B\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong \u2248 0,16 \u00d7 V
M\u00e9p g\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>
M\u00e9p b\u00edch t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2248 V \/ 2
M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n:<\/strong>
P \u221d 1 \/ V<\/td>Ch\u1ecdn V cho b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e9p g\u1ea5p, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n.<\/td><\/tr> B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/td> X\u00e1c minh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n so v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e1y v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/td> T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/td> T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5n:<\/strong>
P_t\u1ed5ng = P \u00d7 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00d7 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p
T\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i foot:<\/strong>
T\u1ea5n\/ft = P_t\u1ed5ng \/ L (ft)<\/td>B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec an to\u00e0n \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/td><\/tr> B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/td> V\u00f2ng x\u00e1c minh \u2014 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111o khi th\u1eed \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/td> C\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. \u0110o b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u00ean trong, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n \u1edf h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngo\u00e0i \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng x\u00e1c minh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/td> V\u00f2ng x\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>
D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u2192 \u0110\u1ed9t nh\u1eb9 \u2192 \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u2192 So s\u00e1nh \u2192 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u2192 T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i<\/td>C\u00fa \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u2014h\u00e3y \u0111o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"