{"id":938,"date":"2026-03-02T08:18:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T08:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/?p=938"},"modified":"2026-03-09T00:54:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T00:54:37","slug":"offset-press-brake-dies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/offset-press-brake-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"Khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c Offset: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n dung sai Z-Bend ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anh \u1ea5y c\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t tay. C\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,750\u2033. C\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 0,782\u2033. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 0,500\u2033; anh \u1ea5y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,468\u2033. V\u00ec v\u1eady, anh \u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau th\u00eam hai ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. G\u1ea7n h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn sai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, anh \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh u\u1ed1n Z \u0111a h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef Z b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n V ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. U\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng. K\u00e9o chi ti\u1ebft ra. Xoay 180 \u0111\u1ed9. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u1eef. U\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00ean. Hai l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, hai l\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, hai c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1edb kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0: khi b\u1ea1n l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft, l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9 cong nh\u1eb9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t k\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng khi u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i \u00e2m th\u1ea7m nh\u00e2n l\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t dung sai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"T\u1ea1i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1eef dung sai \u00b10,5\u00b0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00ean c\u1ea1nh 1\u2033, 0,5\u00b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 0,008\u2033 sai l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ec1u cao. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u1edf 0,5\u00b0, c\u1ea1nh u\u1ed1n s\u1ebd h\u01a1i cao so v\u1edbi c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau \u1edf l\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 sai. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng sai 0,5\u00b0\u2014c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed9ng 0,008\u2033 v\u00e0 0,008\u2033. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0 khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch sai m\u1ea5t 0,030\u2033, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1eadt b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eadt l\u00e0m t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sai l\u1ec7ch. \u0110\u1ebfn khi chi ti\u1ebft \u201cph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n\u201d trong th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp t\u1ed3i t\u1eeb ch\u00e0y u\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai c\u00fa d\u1eadp t\u1ea1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u2014v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i dung sai c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u qua thao t\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n sai s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c coi c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n song song l\u00e0 hai thao t\u00e1c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Chi<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c. L\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t: \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, c\u0103n c\u1eef, d\u1eadp. L\u1ea5y ra. Xoay. \u0110\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i. C\u0103n c\u1eef l\u1ea1i. D\u1eadp. L\u1ea5y ra l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc thao t\u00e1c m\u1ea5t ba gi\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u1eeb s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e2y cho m\u1ed7i chi ti\u1ebft. V\u1edbi 300 chi ti\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n\u2014kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch (offset), b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1\u2014m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa hai bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u1edf l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1eadm, m\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc theo hai b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed (air bend) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cM\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u201d (one stroke) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec\u2014v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u00e9p v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00faa m\u00e1y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eadt ph\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 hai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t b\u1edfi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u201d h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 hai, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 sai s\u1ed1 t\u00edch l\u0169y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f2n do d\u1ef1. Khu\u00f4n u\u1ed1n b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u1ed1i. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c \u00e9p l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n. Th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n b\u00f9 cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback). B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c, nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh khu\u00f4n V ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi: li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t khi u\u1ed1n ch\u1eef Z c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng tay ngh\u1ec1\u2014hay l\u00e0 do b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m cho hai l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9ng duy nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang: T\u1ea1i sao u\u1ed1n b\u1eadc thang l\u1ea1i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i logic c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n V<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ch\u1eb1m ch\u1eb1m v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p. Th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m. 10 gauge. Khu\u00f4n V 1 inch cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng X t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: P = 650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L \/ V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u2014b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec7ng khu\u00f4n V duy nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. Ba \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang v\u00e0o. Khoang khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u1eadc. Ch\u00e0y kh\u1edbp. Hai vai khu\u00f4n. V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i\u2014ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n V chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. V\u00e0 ngay kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft sai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \"m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\" lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch l\u0169y sai s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ef1c \u00e9p. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc thang bu\u1ed9c hai l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n song song di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"H\u00ecnh<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p 14 gauge l\u00ean khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 b\u00faa m\u00e1y xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean hai m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng song song. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng trong khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u0169i ch\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef V; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1c v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao l\u1ec7ch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u00faa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xoay t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 l\u00e0m trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending). N\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa hai m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng. G\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t vai trong khi g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. Hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a: ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i xoay quanh hai vai d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. Trong khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc thang, t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea3 hai vai \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u2014ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u2014s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 hai b\u1eadc c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, g\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai m\u1edbi \u201c\u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng n\u1eefa\u2014\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ch\u00e0y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra \"l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t k\u00e9p\" cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n trong th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch (offset) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp nhau v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra hai g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9ng\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111ang quay l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00e1c g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. H\u00e3y ch\u00eam, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3a c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng logic tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y th\u1eed ch\u1ea5n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 10 gauge trong khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V 1 inch theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: hai vai v\u00e0 m\u0169i ch\u00e0y. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u1eadc 0,375 inch. H\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi b\u00faa ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u\u1ed1n ba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 450 N\/mm\u00b2 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef V \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3c b\u1eadc thang. Chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc thang nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao h\u01a1n 20\u201350% tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p so v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n\u2014m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00f4ng \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129: \u201cN\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Z nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u00f4i.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef V r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o hai g\u00f3c b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7\u2014ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed (air-bend) c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n V cho c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch (offset). H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) cho chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec g\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khu\u00f4n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3\u2014hay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/th>N\u1ed9i dung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y so v\u1edbi U\u1ed1n kh\u00ed: T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/td><\/tr>
K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed<\/td>H\u00e3y th\u1eed ch\u1ea5n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 10 gauge trong khu\u00f4n ch\u1eef V 1 inch theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: hai vai v\u00e0 m\u0169i ch\u00e0y. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec1n.<\/td><\/tr>
K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch<\/td>H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p\u2014v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc 0.375\u2033. Khoang d\u01b0\u1edbi r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi ch\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i u\u1ed1n ba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c.<\/td><\/tr>
H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o kho\u1ea3ng 450 N\/mm\u00b2 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc V \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3c b\u1eadc.<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8ng x\u1eed \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>Chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. B\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a v\u00e0o trong v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/td>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh cao h\u01a1n 20\u201350% tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 khu\u00f4n V\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/td>C\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129: \u201cN\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Z nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u00f4i.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt.<\/td><\/tr>
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5<\/td>B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1n qua m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n V r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o hai g\u00f3c b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/td><\/tr>
R\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n<\/td>T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n V m\u1edf l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>V\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n.<\/td><\/tr>
D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td>Ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air-bend) khu\u00f4n V cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch (offset). H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming tonnage) cho chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec9nh s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch h\u1eb9p\u2014ngay c\u1ea3 khi chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u1ecf.<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edf<\/td>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec g\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i khu\u00f4n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3\u2014hay c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong kim lo\u1ea1i?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u01a1i g\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cxu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e9n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft trong \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u00e0y \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u1ea1nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1eb3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa hai b\u1eadc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb n\u00e9n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9 cong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 hai g\u00f3c. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n trong khi c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i b\u00ean trong b\u1ecb n\u00e9n xung quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a duy nh\u1ea5t. Trong khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ea1o ra hai v\u00f9ng u\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n ng\u1eafn. \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. G\u00f3c th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn gi\u1eefa hai ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00e9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao dung sai \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201cthi\u1ebfu linh ho\u1ea1t\u201d. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n sai l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u2014n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. N\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n dung sai v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai g\u00f3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u00faa ch\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e9n. Hai g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n dung sai hay kh\u00f4ng\u2014ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh khu\u00f4n V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh sai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c: th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 10 gauge, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5n l\u1ec7ch 0.375\u2033, d\u00e0i 4 feet. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho khu\u00f4n V 1\u2033 \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 4 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y. M\u00e1y b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e1t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u00faa h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Sai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, sai h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh V. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming), h\u1ecd v\u1eabn \u0111ang ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb g\u1eadp v\u00e0o r\u00e3nh V. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc (offset) l\u00e0 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t khoang k\u00edn. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u0103ng nhanh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh V r\u1ed9ng\u2014n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i hai g\u00f3c b\u1eadc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 90 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5n V 90 \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 10 gauge \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong r\u00e3nh V 1\u2033, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: L\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot \u2248 650 \u00d7 (S\u00b2 \/ V)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y. B\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, chia cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf khu\u00f4n, nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i ba \u0111i\u1ec3m. Ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n sang khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 5.0 cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2014v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 10.0 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0y h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho b\u1ea1n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 20 t\u1ea5n, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc 5\u00d7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean 100 t\u1ea5n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean 10\u00d7, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi 200 t\u1ea5n. C\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n khi b\u00faa h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng. Trong ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y b\u1eadc, l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u00e9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o hai g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o\u2014b\u1ea1n \u0111ang n\u00e9n d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 k\u1eb9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ctheo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n\u201d theo ngh\u0129a to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 5\u00d7. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc ch\u1eb7t trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00e0y h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8\u00d7 ho\u1eb7c 10\u00d7. B\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y chung chung\u2014\u201cch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n\u201d\u2014l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc. S\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n 90 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e9n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh k\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft h\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc (5\u00d7 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, cao h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc d\u00e0y h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea1y n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1edbp chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u: K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c khu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5n b\u1eadc v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea n\u00f3: chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea1y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 0.125\u2033 trong b\u1eadc 0.250\u2033. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y th\u1eed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 0.187\u2033 trong c\u00f9ng b\u1eadc 0.250\u2033 \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. Khi b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb n\u00e9n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quy t\u1eafc \u201c5\u00d7\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9n d\u1ebbo thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 u\u1ed1n cong \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. Tr\u1ee5c trung h\u00f2a d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean s\u1edbm h\u01a1n trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: hai c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch (offset) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c \u00e9p (tonnage) kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m 14 gauge v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 10 gauge. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc thang ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c \u00e9p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 sai s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111ang c\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3n r\u1ee7i ro gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t\u2014m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e9n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc thang c\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i hay kh\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1c \u00e9p t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eadc thang \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh n\u1eefa\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1eaft?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khe h\u1edf: B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eadc thang ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00e0y 0,125 inch \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc thang 0,130 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba v\u1eb7n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i khe h\u1edf n\u00e0o cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y. Khi b\u00faa \u00e9p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng khe h\u1edf c\u1eaft. Thay v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 song song v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f3ng lo\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebft k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng do n\u00e9n. N\u1ebfu \u00e9p m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t c\u1ea1nh d\u1ecdc theo b\u00ean trong b\u1eadc thang v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t; n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u1eaft r\u1ea5t c\u00f9n. Khe h\u1edf c\u00e0ng ch\u1eb7t so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 chung n\u00e0o v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: khi khe h\u1edf ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y, l\u1ef1c \u00e9p s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng t\u0103ng cao. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n b\u1ed5 sung\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c \u00e9p cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y?\u201d B\u1ea1n \u0111ang h\u1ecfi: \u201cC\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e9n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1eaft?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1n V n\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec khe h\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1eadc thang. N\u1ebfu b\u1eadc thang ch\u1ec9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e9p c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn\u2014h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ea1 b\u00faa xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 khe h\u1edf, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Ram: C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp cho d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 135 t\u1ea5n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch 0,375 inch tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m 10 gauge d\u00e0i 6 feet. Ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi an to\u00e0n. B\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt qua 110 t\u1ea5n \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y, m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. C\u00e1c g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1: l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c n\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi khu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ram 0,010 inch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. Trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, 0,010 inch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cc\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong khi c\u00e1i kia \u0111ang b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t\u201d. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00e0y \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 khi b\u00faa ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u00e0o hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong khi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn do n\u00e9n. L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n ch\u1eadm, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt khi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 (hai g\u00f3c qu\u00e1 t\u00f9) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u00e9p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do (air bending):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n cho bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc (offset) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf 5\u00d7, sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf b\u1eadc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u1ea1i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ram \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh\u2014kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cth\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat cho an to\u00e0n\u201d. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 khi chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n coi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd, dung sai s\u1ebd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i k\u00e9p\u2014m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e9n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 5\u00d7\u201310\u00d7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do, x\u00e1c minh m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ram \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u2014kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00faa l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1ea5y c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau cho c\u00e1c bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc: V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u00edch 1\u2033 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc 0.500\u2033. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eadc b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i \u00b10.015\u2033 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y v\u1eabn \u1ed5n. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eabn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u1eady c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u1ea1nh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1eadc, ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n b\u1ecb r\u00fat ng\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i\u2014m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb c\u1ea1nh m\u1eb7t b\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n th\u1ee9 hai sau khi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft s\u1eb5n. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u1edf c\u1ea1nh (h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh trong ph\u1ea1m vi 1\u2033 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m), s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc: ch\u00fang h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf ngang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o b\u1eadc ki\u1ec3u l\u00f2 xo (spring-up) l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. V\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngang h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang nhi\u1ec1u\u2014nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n c\u1eef ch\u1eb7n sau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eang n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eef hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00faa ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ec v\u1eady, quy t\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t: l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi n\u00e9n, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xoay d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t b\u00edch t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc. H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y c\u1eef t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi g\u00f3c v\u1eabn b\u1ecb sai?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00eam: \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 g\u00f3c khi chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam 0.005\u2033 ph\u00eda sau c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u201ctinh ch\u1ec9nh\u201d g\u00f3c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i xoay l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m (shim) tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u0169i ch\u00e0y, chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1eefa; b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u00ec chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n b\u1ee5ng, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m 0,005 inch c\u0169ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf h\u1eb9p, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1n k\u00ednh kia, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t dung sai m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ebfu g\u00f3c b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ram b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1 (feeler stock) khi \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Sau \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf; cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p d\u00e0y h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c ch\u00eam \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u2014v\u00e0 h\u00e3y ghi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00fa tinh ch\u1ec9nh\u201d.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng coi c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 gia v\u1ecb, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng tr\u00f4i xa kh\u1ecfi h\u00e0nh vi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> H\u00e3y kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u00eam \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\u2014v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c ch\u00eam \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i 8 feet (kho\u1ea3ng 2,4 m\u00e9t)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng (crowning): C\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb d\u00e0i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng v\u00f5ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb d\u00e0i 96 inch tr\u00ean th\u00e9p 7-gauge v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ec9nh l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 khi ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do (air bend) v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V r\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t\u2014th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e0n m\u00e1y b\u1ecb v\u00f5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng v\u00ec g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00f5ng 0,010 inch \u1edf gi\u1eefa, ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i kh\u1edbp\u2014ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb: \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Logic b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u2014ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t\u2014nh\u01b0ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n. V\u00ec l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng sao cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. Qu\u00e1 \u00edt b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa b\u1ecb n\u00e9n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (spring-up tooling) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ngang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc. B\u00faa ch\u1ea5n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n khi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb d\u00e0i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng phim c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u201ctinh ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c\u201d n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m sai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \"l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i\" b\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa\u2014cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng (crown) cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed (air-bend), v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam (shims) l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ba l\u1ed7i l\u1ec7ch nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng (V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ec7ch 0,375 inch tr\u00ean th\u00e9p nh\u1eb9 10-gauge, d\u00e0i 72 inch. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i an to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ba chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 89,2\u00b0, c\u1ea1nh kia 90,1\u00b0, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ea1i c\u1ea1nh h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ba khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ba c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng, \u00e9p qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb o\u1eb1n. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1n k\u00ednh kia. Ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n V linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ba ki\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean s\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u00e2n: Khi ph\u1ea7n ph\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n b\u1ecb o\u1eb1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ngang<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ec7ch 0,500 inch tr\u00ean th\u00e9p 0,1345 inch (10-gauge) d\u00e0i 60 inch. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 cao kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda inch. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00e9n v\u00e0o trong trong khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u201c\u0111i theo\u201d. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t n\u00e9n b\u1ecb \u00e9p t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed\u2014P = 650 \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L \/ V\u2014th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 sai r\u1ed3i. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 u\u1ed1n l\u1ec7ch th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea5p 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p \u0111\u00e1y hai n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi khe h\u1edf g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. L\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n V r\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt khi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m n\u1eefa: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft d\u00e0i. B\u00e0n m\u00e1y v\u00f5ng 0,010 inch \u1edf gi\u1eefa. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa v\u1eabn \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n khi b\u00faa m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n \u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n ngang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n m\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb o\u1eb1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ch\u1eef S tinh t\u1ebf d\u1ecdc theo ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u1eefa chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i. G\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00f3ng\u201d \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e9n cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cl\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i\u201d hay \u201ct\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh l\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i u\u1ed1n kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng cho t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng khu\u00f4n V danh ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • X\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp th\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1edbm b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ecbp b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed3ng (crown) ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e9n cao. H\u00e3y t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i b\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edbp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n tr\u00f4ng \u1ed5n\u2014nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n c\u1ee9 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n kia th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng: \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ea3 ra \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch 0,250\u2033 tr\u00ean th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, kh\u1ed5 14. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3 b\u00faa. M\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i 1\u00b0. Ch\u00e2n kia ch\u1ec9 0,3\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch, hai n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u00e9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014do m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam 0,005\u2033, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tham chi\u1ebfu\u2014n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong khi n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edf d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, n\u1ebfp u\u1ed1n kh\u1edbp sau s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec g\u00f3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n CNC hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau trong c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hai h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01a1n, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n b\u00ean kia. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khi b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y b\u00f4i m\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n th\u1eed ch\u1eadm. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y v\u1ebft lau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean kia, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u201cth\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          1. X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5m. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y +0,004\u2033 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o khe h\u1edf khi \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u00eam, h\u00e3y coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. H\u00e3y s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2014\u0111\u1eebng \u0111u\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng ch\u00eam ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u1eabn b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y: Khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n vi ph\u1ea1m b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            M\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed ch\u1ea1y nh\u00f4m d\u00e0y 2 mm qua khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch v\u1edbi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong hi\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 0,5 mm. Tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1eafc n\u00e9t. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ec7ch kh\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc theo m\u1eb7t trong c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc chung cho th\u00e9p cacbon l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2248 1\u00d7 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u00f4m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u2014\u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 1,5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ebfn 2\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y\u2014\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Trong u\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do (air bending), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \"\u0103n gian\" m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00ec b\u00e1n k\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf ch\u1eef V. Trong d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u00e1y (offset bottoming), m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai khu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e9n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            N\u1ebfu b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i. V\u1edbi hai \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n x\u1ea3y ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a nhanh h\u01a1n. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \"\u0111\u00f9a gi\u1ee1n\" v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y\u2014m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n cho n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • C\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n trong hai b\u00e1n k\u00ednh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • S\u1ef1 n\u1ee9t g\u00e3y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi nh\u1ea3 khu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u\u201d. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u00edt h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ebft v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u cao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch kh\u00e1c nhau cho nh\u00f4m so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p cacbon th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u00e2y thua l\u1ed7 trong th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u trong khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2014\u0111\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng khi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch b\u1ecb ph\u1edbt l\u1edd. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0: khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn sai l\u1ea7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Ranh gi\u1edbi: Khi n\u00e0o khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sai l\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              T\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u1eady khi n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi: khi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u1eadp, v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u1eadc, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p. B\u00faa d\u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n u\u1ed1n\u2014h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7t b\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean\u2014khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi sai h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang g\u00e2y thua l\u1ed7 trong th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef Z v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau: Khi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khu\u00f4n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1c khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch (offset) gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhau. \u0110\u00f2n b\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng nhau. M\u00f4-men \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) b\u1eb1ng nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef Z v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i 3 inch v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh kia d\u00e0i 0,75 inch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1nh d\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t thanh l\u00f2 xo. C\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5u ng\u1eafn. Khi b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y c\u00f9ng l\u00fac\u2014nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. Ch\u00e2n ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n. Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea3 ra, ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb xo\u1eafn \u1edf m\u1ee9c vi m\u00f4 v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending) theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1eadp c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Hai gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9? \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu dung sai l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 song song ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng nhau, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (overbend) c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u. Khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1nh kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh kia v\u00e0 dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111\u1eebng \u00e9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch. H\u00e3y t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tinh ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhau\u2014nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp l\u1ea1i s\u00e2u th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Va ch\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0y<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed7i ch\u00e0y d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf vai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef khi b\u00faa \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, hai \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u1ec1m. Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c h\u1eb9p m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp ch\u1eef V\u2014v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ea5n 100 t\u1ea5n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n 180 t\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n khi d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 t\u1ea3i, b\u00faa v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f5ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9 song song b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch. C\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecfng c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby: v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ec1u\u201d trong khi sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch trong quy tr\u00ecnh hai l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch, n\u00f3 l\u1ed9 ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n ch\u00e0y \u1edf h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb (crowning) ho\u1eb7c ch\u00eam n\u00e0o thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u00e9p m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> H\u00e3y \u0111o h\u1ecdng ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u l\u1ec7ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u\u2014ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng m\u00e1y g\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u2014h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng hai l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y: Khi hai c\u00fa d\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              Th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p m\u1ec1m. T\u1ea5m d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9 cho nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc (offset dies) c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Trong ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do (air bending), b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf ch\u1eef V \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n b\u1eadc, m\u0169i ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai khu\u00f4n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \"th\u00edch\" hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p c\u1ea7n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong b\u1eb1ng 1,5 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y m\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eadp b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u00e9p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u00e3y x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf ch\u1eef V l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 8\u201312 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi t\u1ea5m c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eadp b\u1eadc kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy m\u00f4 linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khu\u00f4n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c. Chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch theo th\u1eddi gian. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f4i khi hai c\u00fa d\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n. L\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u1eef V r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. L\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh. Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nh\u1eb9. Ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Hai c\u00fa d\u1eadp c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u00e1n k\u00ednh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u g\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u1eef V v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thay v\u00ec \u00e9p c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ranh gi\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc: T\u1eeb \u201cD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p ch\u1eef Z v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong \u0111\u1ea7u: T\u00f4i n\u00ean ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc hay chia th\u00e0nh hai l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              T\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u1eadp b\u1eadc ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng\u2014kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng\u2014quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t c\u00fa d\u1eadp. Ch\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00faa ch\u1ea5n di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. Hai h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn sai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, thay v\u00ec sau khi c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00f4ng g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1. Nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (springback) d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf b\u00e1n k\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khu\u00f4n offset (khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp b\u1eadc) c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu th\u00e9p carbon lo\u1ea1i 11 gauge th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh trong kho\u1ea3ng 1,5\u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u1ed5n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u00ec \u201ckhu\u00f4n\u201d m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending) cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c u\u1ed1n. U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y (bottoming) b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n offset th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t canh b\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u00e2y thua l\u1ed7 trong th\u00f9ng ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u\u2014l\u1ed7i t\u00edch t\u1ee5, t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              2. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd so v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khu\u00f4n offset r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y. D\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o kh\u1edbp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Trong u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong u\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n offset, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng khu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec dung sai c\u00e1n th\u00e9p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n duy nh\u1ea5t, khu\u00f4n offset l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c l\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 0. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              3. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m offset g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khe h\u1edf, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n? B\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch tr\u1eeb khi b\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a sau khi t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. V\u00e0 b\u00faa m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn khu\u00f4n offset. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e3y chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u1ea3 ba c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khu\u00f4n offset. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n sai s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n l\u1eadt trong u\u1ed1n theo giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u1ea1n l\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eeba b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n, n\u00e9n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 hai. M\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng \u00b10,5\u00b0, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng sai s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean nhau th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 dung sai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t k\u00e9p. Hai \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9 song song c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1eadm, m\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc theo hai b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 offset lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e9p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ram. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong b\u00f9 v\u00f5ng (crowning). C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho sai s\u1ed1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch (offset dies) \u00edt khoan dung h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa ch\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n V r\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u cao b\u1eadc b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb sai. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch r\u1ed3i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n\u201d. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho b\u1ea1n\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 song song ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c g\u00f3c ch\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhau, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf thao t\u00e1c l\u1eadt\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 sai s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eabn coi khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i: Coi vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1n trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

              B\u1edfi v\u00ec khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              T\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n. H\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              U\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (air bending) c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn sai s\u1ed1\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. U\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch (offset bottoming) c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe\u2014v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c m\u00e1y c\u00f3 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p ch\u1eef Z c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n khi b\u1ea1n ng\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c dung sai t\u00edch t\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              Khung quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2192 h\u00e3y chia giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p \u2192 h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n l\u1ec7ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u2192 \u0111\u1eebng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Khu\u00f4n d\u1eadp l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n V chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft\u2014ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p ch\u1eef Z nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec \u201chai g\u00f3c li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp\u201d, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e1y d\u1eadp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Anh \u1ea5y c\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1eb9p \u1edf m\u1ed9t tay v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n \u1edf tay kia. C\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,750 inch. C\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 0,782 inch. \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 0,500 inch; anh \u1ea5y \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,468 inch. V\u00ec v\u1eady, anh \u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb7n sau th\u00eam hai ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn inch, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. G\u1ea7n h\u01a1n r\u1ed3i. V\u1eabn ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, anh \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_breakdance_hide_in_design_set":false,"_breakdance_tags":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=938"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1082,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/938\/revisions\/1082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cn-hawe.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}