Are you in the market for a press brake machine but feeling overwhelmed by the myriad of options available? Whether you’re a fabrication professional, metalworker, or run a manufacturing business, choosing the right press brake is crucial for efficiency and precision in your operations. From understanding the differences between hydraulic and mechanical models to knowing where to find top brands like Accurpress and Amada, navigating this complex landscape can be challenging. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from types and specifications to maintenance tips and buying advice. Ready to find the perfect press brake for your needs? Let’s dive in.

Overview of Press Brake Machines

Function and Basic Components

Press brake machines are crucial in the metalworking industry for bending sheet metal and plates into specific shapes. These machines are constructed with two C-frames forming the sides, connected to a table at the bottom and a movable beam at the top. The bottom tool is mounted on the table, while the top tool is mounted on the upper beam.

Types of Press Brakes

There are several types of press brakes, each with unique features and advantages, catering to different industrial needs.

Mechanical Press Brakes

Mechanical press brakes use a flywheel powered by an electric motor to perform high-speed bending. They are robust and simple, making them ideal for high-volume production, though they are less flexible and powerful than other types.

Hydraulic Press Brakes

Hydraulic press brakes operate using two synchronized hydraulic cylinders, providing consistent force and movement for precise bends. They offer variable speed control, quick retraction, and the capability to reverse the stroke at any time. These machines are suitable for complex and heavy-duty tasks and are generally the safest and most expensive type.

Servo-Electric Press Brakes

Servo-electric press brakes use a servo-motor to drive a ballscrew or belt drive to exert tonnage on the ram. They are typically used in lower tonnage applications and are known for their precision and energy efficiency.

Hybrid Press Brakes

Hybrid press brakes combine elements of hydraulic and servo-electric systems, offering a balance between the precision of servo-electric and the power of hydraulic systems.

CNC Press Brakes

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) press brakes use advanced technology for precise and efficient bending operations. A CNC controller allows these machines to handle complex tasks with high accuracy.

Key Characteristics and Advantages

Hydraulic Press Brakes

• Precision and Consistency: Provide consistent bending force and movement.
• Speed Control: Adjustable bending speed to handle various material types and thicknesses.
• Safety: Can be easily stopped at any time in response to safety devices.

CNC Press Brakes

• High Precision: Achieve precise bends through controlled ram strokes and back gauge.
• Flexibility: Can handle both long and short workpieces, improving utility and reducing consumption.
• Efficiency: Automate the bending process by inputting required settings, reducing manual labor.

Mechanical Press Brakes

• High-Speed Operation: Ideal for mass production due to rapid and consistent energy release.
• Cost-Effective: More affordable and suitable for small to medium-sized parts where extreme precision is not critical.

Operation, Controls, and Bending Methods

Modern press brakes are controlled by either NC (Numeric Controlled) or CNC systems. CNC controllers offer higher precision and efficiency, although they may have a higher initial cost.

Press brakes can perform various bending techniques, including:

• Air Bending: Material is bent without fully contacting the die.
• Coining: Material is fully pressed into the die.
• Bottom Bending: Material is bent to the bottom of the die.

Selection Criteria

When selecting a press brake, several factors need to be considered:

• Tonnage and Working Length: Basic parameters defining the machine’s capacity.
• Stroke Length and Speed: Influence the machine’s operation speed and precision.
• Tooling: Selecting the right punch and die according to the workpiece and bending method is crucial for quality and efficiency.

Market and Availability

Used and new press brake machines are available from various manufacturers and sellers. Inventory includes a variety of brands, tonnages, and lengths, catering to different fabrication needs. Companies like Revelation Machinery and Elite Metal Tools offer a range of press brakes, including hydraulic, mechanical, and CNC models.

Understanding the different types of press brakes and their characteristics is essential for selecting the most suitable machine for your operations, ensuring efficiency and precision in metalworking tasks.

Types of Press Brakes: Hydraulic, Mechanical, Hybrid, and Electric

Hydraulic Press Brakes

Hydraulic press brakes are essential tools in metalworking, known for their precision and power. They use hydraulic cylinders and pressurized fluid to bend metal, making them perfect for complex and heavy-duty tasks.

Features and Advantages

• Variable Speed Control and Quick Retraction: Operators can adjust the bending speed for precise control, and the ability to quickly retract the ram enhances both efficiency and safety.
• Reversible Stroke: The stroke can be reversed at any time, providing greater flexibility and control.
• Handling Thicker Materials: These machines are great for bending thick materials, making them ideal for industries like construction and shipbuilding.
• Safety: Considered one of the safest types due to their controlled operation and ability to stop instantly in response to safety mechanisms.

Mechanical Press Brakes

Mechanical press brakes are driven by an electric motor that powers a flywheel. The energy stored in the flywheel is released to bend the material using a crank mechanism and clutch.

Features and Advantages

• High-Speed Operation: Mechanical press brakes are fast, making them perfect for high-volume production.
• Cost-Effective: Generally more affordable than hydraulic press brakes, they are a practical choice for small to medium-sized operations.
• Durability: These machines are robust and durable, often requiring less maintenance.
• Fixed Stroke Lengths: The fixed stroke lengths can be advantageous for certain repetitive tasks, ensuring consistency in production.

Hybrid Press Brakes

Hybrid press brakes combine the features of hydraulic and servo-electric systems, offering a blend of precision and power.

Features and Advantages

• Precision and Control: The integration of servo-electric components provides enhanced precision and control over the bending process.
• Energy Efficiency: Hybrid systems are designed to be more energy-efficient, reducing operational costs.
• Balanced Performance: These machines offer a balance between the high power of hydraulic systems and the precision of electric systems, making them versatile for various applications.

Electric Press Brakes

Electric press brakes, also called servo-electric press brakes, use electric motors for bending. They offer unique benefits despite being less common.

Features and Advantages

• Energy Efficiency: Electric press brakes consume less energy compared to hydraulic systems, leading to cost savings.
• Low Maintenance: These machines require minimal maintenance, reducing downtime and operational costs.
• High Precision: Electric press brakes can achieve very precise bends, making them suitable for applications requiring exact specifications.
• Limited Force: While highly accurate, they may not handle the same level of material thickness as hydraulic press brakes, making them more appropriate for lighter tasks.

Choosing the Right Press Brake

When selecting a press brake, it is crucial to consider the specific needs of your operation:

• Material Thickness: Hydraulic press brakes are best for thicker materials, while electric press brakes are suitable for thinner materials.
• Precision Requirements: For high precision, consider CNC or electric press brakes.
• Production Volume: Mechanical press brakes are ideal for high-volume production, whereas hybrid press brakes offer a balance for varied tasks.
• Budget and Maintenance: Mechanical press brakes are more affordable and durable, while hybrid and CNC press brakes offer advanced features at a higher cost.

Key Features and Specifications of Press Brake Machines

Control Systems

Modern press brake machines rely on advanced control systems to ensure precision and efficiency. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) systems are prevalent in these machines, offering high accuracy and automation capabilities.

• Touchscreen Graphical Controls: Systems like the Delem DA-58T provide intuitive, user-friendly interfaces with multi-touch capabilities, enhancing operator convenience and precision.
• SIEMENS Electrical Systems: Integration with reliable electrical systems ensures consistent performance and reduces downtime.

Hydraulic and Servo Systems

The type of hydraulic or servo system used in a press brake significantly impacts its performance and control.

• Hydraulic Systems: Use double-acting cylinders that apply force both ways, providing better control and versatility. These systems often include components like HOERBIGER hydraulics to meet stringent safety and performance standards.
• Servo-Hydraulic Systems: Combine the accuracy of electric servo motors with the robust power of hydraulic systems, providing a balanced solution for high-precision applications.

Tooling and Backgauge

Tooling and backgauge features, such as surface-hardened tools, are essential for achieving precise and repeatable bends.

• Quick Clamping Systems: Features like the Promecam quick clamping system and WILA top clamping and bottom tool holders facilitate fast and secure tool changes.
• CNC Controlled Backgauge Systems: Available in 2-axis or 4-axis configurations, these systems ensure high repeatability and precision in positioning, with options for motorized crowning to improve flexibility and reduce material waste.

Safety and Convenience Features

Safety and convenience are top priorities in press brake operations, with features specifically designed to protect operators and make the machine easier to use.

• Photocells and Guards: Safety features include photocells as rear and side guards, standard side guards meeting CE regulations, and protective covers for cylinders and the top beam.
• Adjustable Front Support Arms: These arms provide additional support for workpieces, improving handling and precision.
• Foot Pedals with Integrated Controls: Foot pedals often include emergency stop functions, cycle controls, and single-step remote control capabilities for added safety and convenience.

Precision and Accuracy

Precision and accuracy are critical in press brake operations, influenced by several key features.

• Chrome-Coated Cylinders: Cylinders with chrome coating and precision up to 0.001 mm enhance the machine’s overall accuracy.
• Optic Linear Scales: These scales are sensitive to ±0.01 mm, ensuring high precision in every bend.
• Quick-Release Clamping Systems: These systems allow for fast tool changes, maintaining high efficiency and precision during operations.

General Specifications

Knowing the general specifications of press brake machines helps you choose the right model for your needs.

• Press Capacity: Varies widely, typically ranging from 500 to 4000 tons.
• Press Beam Length: Can range from 2090 mm to 4300 mm, accommodating different workpiece sizes.
• Stroke and Open Height: Stroke lengths typically range from 200 mm to 350 mm, with open heights from 470 mm to 620 mm.

Performance Metrics

Key performance metrics to consider include bending speed, motor power, and overall machine dimensions.

• Bending Speed: Generally around 10-15 mm/s, with approach and return speeds ranging from 100 mm/s to 200 mm/s.
• Motor Power: Varies based on the model, typically ranging from 2×10.4 kW to 2×15.3 kW.
• Dimensions and Weight: Lengths range from 3500 mm to 7000 mm, widths from 2500 mm to 3000 mm, and heights from 2500 mm to 3800 mm. Machine weight can vary from 4600 kg to 30000 kg.

Additional Features and Options

Press brake machines often come with additional features and options to enhance their functionality and adaptability.

• Special Configurations: Options such as special stroke and throat depth, motorized crowning systems, and hydraulic oil heating and cooling systems.
• Automation and Robotics: Some models integrate robotic systems for automated bending, increasing efficiency and reducing manual labor.

By considering these key features and specifications, you can select a press brake machine that meets your specific requirements, ensuring high precision, efficiency, and safety in metal fabrication operations.

CNC Press Brakes

Introduction to CNC Press Brakes

CNC (Computer Numerical Control) press brakes are cutting-edge machines that bend and shape sheet metal with exceptional precision and automation, revolutionizing modern manufacturing.

Key Components and Working Principle

The control unit, the machine’s brain, interprets CAD files and converts them into precise bending instructions, while hydraulic or electric systems generate the necessary force for bending. The punch presses the metal sheet into the die, shaping it to the desired angle and form. Choosing the right punch and die is crucial for achieving accurate bends. The back gauge ensures consistent results by precisely aligning the sheet metal according to the programmed specifications. Modern CNC press brakes also feature advanced safety mechanisms, such as light curtains and emergency stops, to protect operators.

Operating a CNC Press Brake

1. Design Creation: Start by designing the part using CAD software.
2. Setup: Install the appropriate punch and die tooling and calibrate the machine.
3. Loading: Position the sheet metal against the back gauge for accurate alignment.
4. Programming: Enter bending specifications into the CNC control system.
5. Bending: Run the program to bend the metal into the desired shape.

Types of CNC Press Brake Machines

• Hydraulic CNC Press Brakes: Powerful and reliable, ideal for heavy-duty tasks.
• Electric CNC Press Brakes: Energy-efficient and precise, suitable for lighter materials.
• Hybrid CNC Press Brakes: Combine the strengths of both systems, offering balanced power and efficiency.

Benefits of CNC Press Brake Machines

CNC press brakes provide high precision and repeatability, essential for complex bending sequences. They can store and recall multiple bending programs, significantly improving production efficiency. Advanced safety features protect operators, making CNC press brakes safer than traditional manual or hydraulic press brakes.

Market and Availability

CNC press brakes are available both as new and used machines. Used CNC press brakes can be found from specialized equipment retailers, offering a range of brands and types suitable for various fabrication needs. New machines are widely available from machinery suppliers, with options ranging from smaller, more affordable models to large, high-tonnage machines.

Specifications and Pricing

CNC press brakes come in various specifications, including different tonnages, bending lengths, and throat depths. Prices vary widely depending on the machine’s capabilities and features:

• Lower End: Models with lower tonnages and shorter bending lengths can be found for around $20,000.
• Mid-Range: Machines with higher tonnages and longer bending lengths are priced between $40,000 to $70,000.
• High-End: Large, high-tonnage machines with advanced features can cost upwards of $65,000 to $262,000.

Understanding the different aspects of CNC press brakes, from their components to their benefits, helps in selecting the right machine for precise and efficient metal fabrication.

Maintenance and Safety Guidelines for Press Brake Machines

Hydraulic System Maintenance

Proper maintenance of the hydraulic system is crucial for the optimal performance and longevity of press brake machines.

Regular Checks and Oil Changes

• Weekly Inspections: Check the hydraulic oil level in the tank weekly and after any hydraulic system maintenance to ensure it is within the recommended range.
• Oil Changes: For new machines, change the hydraulic oil after 2000 hours of operation. For established machines, change the hydraulic oil every 4000-6000 hours of operation, and clean the oil storage tank during each oil change.
• Filter Maintenance: Replace or thoroughly clean the hydraulic filters every time the oil is changed. Inspect and clean the fuel tank air filter every three months or at least once a year.
• Leak Detection: Regularly check for hydraulic system leaks and maintain the recommended fluid levels to ensure proper pressure and avoid contamination.

Lubrication

Lubrication is essential to reduce friction, prevent wear, and ensure smooth operation.

• Manufacturer Guidelines: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for lubricating various parts of the press brake, such as guides, bearings, screws, and hydraulic components.
• Daily Lubrication: Lubricate critical components like the ball screw and rolling guide rail daily to maintain optimal performance.

Electrical System Maintenance

Maintaining the electrical system ensures the reliability and safety of the press brake machine.

• Regular Inspections: Inspect electrical components, wires, and connections regularly to ensure they are clean and free from dust or debris.
• Address Loose Connections: Promptly address any loose connections to prevent electrical issues and potential malfunctions.

Daily and Routine Maintenance

Implementing daily and routine maintenance practices can prevent minor issues from escalating.

• Visual Inspections: Conduct a daily visual inspection of the press brake for loose or damaged parts, leaks, or abnormal noises, and address any issues promptly.
• Regular Cleaning: Clean the oil outlet filter regularly and clean hydraulic parts monthly without using detergents to prevent dirt from entering the system.
• Component Checks: Ensure the cleanliness of the mold and optical fiber rod regularly to avoid operational disruptions.

Safety Precautions

Ensuring the safety of operators and maintaining the press brake machine involves several key precautions.

Operator Training and Awareness

• Proper Training: Ensure all operators are properly trained and have read the machine instruction manual to understand the machine’s capacity, controls, operating modes, and safeguards.

Safeguarding Methods

• Presence Sensing Devices: Use presence sensing devices like light curtains, which automatically stop the machine if the sensing field is interrupted.
• Pullbacks and Restraints: Implement pullbacks and restraints to keep hands away from the point of operation.

Safe Operation Practices

• Avoiding Hazards: Always keep your hands and fingers away from the die area and moving parts. Ensure all parts and tools are clear of the ram before engaging it.
• Appropriate Clothing: Wear appropriate clothing, such as rolled-up shirt sleeves and tight-fitting aprons or coats. Avoid wearing neckties, watches, jewelry, or loose clothing.
• Work Area Safety: Ensure all protective devices are in place, the operating cycle is correct for the work, and there is open access to various parts of the machine. The floor around the machine should be free of grease, oil, or water.

Emergency Procedures

• Power Shutdown: Shut off the main power panel before changing dies or when there is a jam during the operating cycle. Notify a supervisor immediately if any issues arise.

Additional Safety Considerations

Machine Design and Installation

• Basic Safety Equipment: Ensure that basic safety equipment such as double foot pedals, mode selectors, lateral protection, back protection, and self-supervising electrical and hydraulic circuits are in place and functioning correctly.

Reporting and Compliance

• OSHA Standards: Know and follow OSHA standards and guidelines for machine safeguarding, including 29 CFR 1910, Subpart O – Machinery and Machine Guarding, and other relevant OSHA directives and publications.

By adhering to these maintenance and safety guidelines, users can ensure the optimal performance, safety, and longevity of press brake machines. Regular maintenance prevents breakdowns, minimizes downtime, and improves overall efficiency.

Where to Buy Press Brake Machines

Reputable Dealers

When looking for press brake machines, turning to reputable dealers can ensure you find high-quality options.

• Revelation Machinery: Revelation Machinery offers a wide range of used press brakes, including hydraulic, mechanical, hybrid, and electric models from top brands like Accurpress, Amada, Bystronic, and Cincinnati.
• Kempler Industries: Known for its vast inventory of used press brakes, Kempler Industries provides CNC, hydraulic, mechanical, and hydra-mechanical models. They also offer a 30-day return guarantee for customer satisfaction.
• KD Capital Equipment: KD Capital Equipment features a daily updated inventory of used press brakes from brands such as Accurpress, Amada, Bystronic, Cincinnati, and Trumpf.

Manufacturers and Direct Sales

Buying directly from manufacturers or their authorized dealers ensures quality and easy access to spare parts.

• ADH: A global leader in press brake manufacturing, ADH offers various models, including hydraulic, CNC, tandem, and servo press brakes. Their machines are renowned for their robust build quality and reliable spare parts supply.

Auctions and Liquidations

Auctions and factory liquidations offer chances to buy high-quality press brakes at great prices. Just be sure to inspect the machines carefully before bidding.

• KI Auctions: This platform frequently lists press brake machines available through entire factory liquidations, offering potential cost savings for buyers.

Online Marketplaces and Local Dealers

Online Marketplaces

Online platforms provide access to a broad selection of press brakes from multiple sellers, complete with detailed listings, photos, and specifications. While convenient, it’s essential to verify the machine’s condition and authenticity.

Local Dealers

Local dealers offer the benefit of in-person inspections and demonstrations, allowing buyers to evaluate the press brake firsthand. Establishing a relationship with a local dealer can also facilitate ongoing support and easier access to maintenance services.

Key Considerations

When buying a press brake machine, consider these key factors: tonnage capacity, bending length, machine type, maintenance history, additional features, and spare parts availability.

By considering these reputable sources and key factors, you can make an informed decision when purchasing a press brake machine, ensuring it meets your operational requirements and provides long-term value.

Frequently Asked Questions

Below are answers to some frequently asked questions:

What types of press brake machines are available for sale?

Press brake machines available for sale include mechanical, hydraulic, CNC (servo-electric), and pneumatic types. Mechanical press brakes are known for their speed and high productivity, hydraulic press brakes offer versatility and precision for heavy-duty applications, CNC press brakes provide high automation and accuracy, and pneumatic press brakes are suitable for light to medium-duty tasks with less maintenance. Additionally, manual press brakes are available for smaller-scale operations. Each type has unique characteristics and advantages, making it important to choose based on specific needs and applications, such as material thickness, precision, and automation requirements.

What are the key features of hydraulic press brake machines?

Hydraulic press brake machines are known for their precision and efficiency in metal bending, featuring a hydraulic power unit that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, synchronized hydraulic cylinders for high bending accuracy, and advanced CNC systems for precise control. Their robust frame ensures rigidity, while safety features like emergency stops and back gauges enhance operational safety. Additionally, these machines offer versatility with various tooling options and customizable back gauges, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Regular maintenance of hydraulic fluid and filter elements is crucial for optimal performance and longevity.

How do I maintain and ensure the safety of a press brake machine?

To maintain and ensure the safety of a press brake machine, follow the manufacturer’s manual for specific maintenance schedules, conduct daily inspections for loose or damaged parts, and regularly lubricate moving components. Maintain the hydraulic system by checking for leaks and ensuring proper fluid levels. Inspect electrical components and keep them clean. Implement safeguarding methods like presence sensing devices and mechanical guards, and ensure operators are trained and wear appropriate PPE. Follow lockout/tagout procedures during maintenance and keep the work area clean and organized. Regular professional servicing is also recommended to catch potential issues early.

Where can I buy used press brake machines?

You can buy used press brake machines from several reliable sources, including specialized dealers like Kempler Industries, Sterling Machinery, and Revelation Machinery, which offer machine inspection and certification services. Online marketplaces such as Machinio provide listings from various manufacturers, allowing you to search for specific models and features. Additionally, auctions and liquidations organized by companies like Kempler Industries can be a cost-effective option. Some manufacturers or their authorized distributors may also sell refurbished press brakes. When purchasing, ensure to check the machine’s condition, maintenance history, and any available return policies.

What is a CNC press brake and how does it work?

A CNC (Computer Numerical Control) press brake is an advanced machine used for bending sheet metal and metal plates with high precision. It operates by using a sophisticated control system to manage the movement of the ram and backgauge, ensuring accurate positioning and bending angles. Operators program the machine with specific bending parameters, and the CNC system translates these instructions into precise movements. This allows for consistent and efficient production of complex bends, making CNC press brakes essential in modern metal fabrication and engineering workshops.

What are the advantages of automatic operation in press brake machines?

The advantages of automatic operation in press brake machines include increased productivity and efficiency, higher precision and accuracy, reduced labor costs, enhanced material usage and waste reduction, improved safety, efficient inventory management, quick changeovers and setup, advanced automation features, continuous operation, and integration with advanced technologies. These benefits collectively enhance the overall productivity, precision, and safety of metal fabrication processes, allowing manufacturers to meet demand effectively while reducing costs and minimizing waste. As discussed earlier, these features make automated press brakes a valuable investment for various industries.